明清长沙府城市景观中“文教转向”的表现及其成因

发布时间：2018-05-12 06:49

本文选题：明清长沙府 + 文教建筑　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：文教建筑是中国传统城市中的重要建筑类型之一。文教建筑包括学宫、书院等学校建筑,以及文昌阁、魁星楼、先贤祠庙、文塔、惜字塔、坊表等文教设施。中国古代城市从产生之初就受到统治者意图的支配,在传统城市中,城市的中心往往被行政机构的主体(宫殿或衙署)所占据。然而,以往一些研究显示,在明清时期,文教建筑在地方城市的景观中的地位有所提升,在一些地方城市中甚至出现了学宫代替衙署而居于城市主导地位的现象,这种现象称为“文教转向”。本文以明清时期长沙府为研究对象,考察了长沙府明清时期的社会文化背景,从地方志的相关记载入手,分析不同类型的文教建筑位置、数量、形态的变化,初步探讨部分城市“文教转向”对城市景观的影响,并分析出现“文教转向”的原因,试图系统的诠释明清时期长沙府城市景观建构的变化。研究发现,在明清时期长沙府地区,地方志中有关文教建筑的记载越来越详细,文教建筑在城市中越来越占据优势位置,数量不断增加,规模也有扩张,在城市景观中的辨识度越来越高,从而可以确定,明清时期的长沙府发生了“文教转向”。再以长沙府城、茶陵州、湘潭县、浏阳县四个地方城市为例,发现“文教转向”对不同城市的景观格局都有影响,而且不同的城市表现形式存在差异。“文教转向”出现的原因主要是科举的社会影响力进一步加深,地方上从官方到民间都非常重视文教建筑的建设,同时,地区经济和文化发展也给文教建筑的勃兴提供了支撑。另外,由于“文教转向”现象并不是长沙府地区独有的,比如明清时期的赣南地区和南阳府都有出现,说明这一现象有一定的普遍性。因此,在今后研究明清时期其他地方城市景观建构的过程中,也应该把“文教转向”作为考虑的一个方面。
[Abstract]:Cultural and educational architecture is one of the most important architectural types in Chinese traditional cities. Cultural and educational buildings include the Palace of Learning, Academy and other school buildings, as well as Wenchang Court, Kui Xing Building, Pantheon Temple, Cultural Tower, Pagoda, Square Table and other cultural and educational facilities. The ancient Chinese cities were dominated by the intention of the rulers from the beginning of their existence. In the traditional cities, the center of the cities was often occupied by the administrative bodies (palaces or government offices). However, some previous studies have shown that in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the cultural and educational architecture in the landscape of local cities has been promoted, and in some local cities, the school palace has even replaced the Yazhou and occupied a dominant position in the city. This phenomenon is called the "cultural and educational turn". This paper studies the social and cultural background of Changsha government in Ming and Qing dynasties, and analyzes the changes of the location, quantity and form of different types of cultural and educational buildings from the relevant records of local chronicles. This paper preliminarily discusses the influence of "cultural and educational turn" on urban landscape in some cities, and analyzes the causes of "cultural and educational turning", and tries to explain systematically the changes of urban landscape construction in Changsha during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The study found that in the Changsha area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the records of the cultural and educational buildings in the local chronicles became more and more detailed, and the cultural and educational buildings occupied an increasingly dominant position in the city, with the increasing number and the expansion of the scale. The degree of recognition in the urban landscape is higher and higher, so it can be confirmed that the "cultural and educational turn" took place in Changsha during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Taking Changsha Fucheng, Chaling Prefecture, Xiangtan County and Liuyang County as examples, it is found that the "cultural and educational turn" has an impact on the landscape pattern of different cities, and there are different forms of expression in different cities. The main reason for the emergence of "cultural and educational turn" is the further deepening of the social influence of the imperial examination, and the construction of cultural and educational buildings has been attached great importance to by the local authorities as well as the people. At the same time, the regional economic and cultural development has also provided the support for the flourishing of the cultural and educational buildings. In addition, the phenomenon of "cultural and educational turning" is not unique to Changsha, such as the Ming and Qing dynasties in Gannan and Nanyang, indicating that this phenomenon has a certain universality. Therefore, in the process of studying the construction of urban landscape in other places in Ming and Qing dynasties, we should also take "cultural and educational turn" as an aspect of consideration.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.2

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