方以智《药地炮庄》研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:33

本文选题：方以智 + 《药地炮庄》　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：明代中后期,庄子学复兴,各类庄学著作相继问世。而明遗民的庄子学,乃成为其中最独特的一支。从其思想方面来看,表现为儒、释、道三教合一,并且普遍借阐释庄子来寄寓他们的爱国思想。方以智的庄学著作《药地炮庄》正是这一时期的产物,代表了遗民庄子学的最高成就。本文力图通过对《药地炮庄》书的研究,展示其学术价值,以及明遗民在庄学研究方面所取得的成就。更重要的,则是还原方以智这位“百科全书式的”人物的历史地位。第一章主要是对方以智及其庄学著作的概说。文章首先根据现有古籍资料对方以智的生平、家世及其交游情况作一梳理,从中可看出方以智学术思想的形成对其庄学著作的影响。其次,概述《药地炮庄》的写作背景,考察明代三教合一思想对它的内在影响,并结合明朝覆亡的历史环境展现作者的遗民心态。《药地炮庄》一书征引繁富,包罗万象,对其版本与编撰体例的考察也是研究的一部分。第二章论述《药地炮庄》的阐《庄》特色。在义理阐发方面,方氏既继承了前人以儒解《庄》、以易解《庄》、以禅解《庄》的学术传统,在此基础上又大胆创新。在以儒解《庄》方面,方氏把庄子视为孔门别传之孤、儒门正宗,认为其传承的是孔、颜、思、孟的学说。在以《易》解《庄》方面,他主张“《庄》是《易》之变”,把《庄子》视作是《易经》风教之遗响,从而把以《易》解《庄》推向了前所未有的高度。方以智后期,披缁入禅,主持青原道场,讲经授法,在禅学方面有很深的造诣。用禅宗公案和打禅语的方法阐释庄子,是其以禅解《庄》的主要特点。最为独特的是,方以智还引进了一些西方的科技知识来阐释《庄子》,从西学角度审视《庄子》,融入了近代化的思想,这在庄学史上可谓是一枝独秀。第三章论述《药地炮庄》的评《庄》特色。方以智在阐释《庄子》义理之时不仅发前人所未发,对《庄子》在文学艺术方面的特色也有独到的见解。在《药地炮庄》中,他对《庄》文的写法、行文风格、语言及文体都作了独具个性的评点,他还从作画、品画的角度评点庄子,对后世产生了积极影响。第四章概述《药地炮庄》一书的价值及影响。此书的价值主要体现在思想和文化传承两个方面,书中所蕴涵的《易》统三教思想、明遗民的《庄》学思想、唯物主义思想等都对后世产生了影响。方氏的著作对后代庄学著作也产生了一定的影响。其不足之处是多作禅语,晦涩难懂,在一定程度上影响了此书的学术地位。总之,方以智在其庄学著作中,体现出了独特的阐释和评点特色。在明清之际思想纷呈、矛盾融合的学术背景下,《庄子》学大放异彩,作为明遗民《庄》学的代表作,《药地炮庄》在《庄》学史上占据着重要的一席之地。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Zhuangzi's study was revived, and various kinds of Zhuang's works were published one after another. The Zhuang Zi School of the Ming Dynasty was one of the most unique. In terms of their thoughts, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism are combined, and Zhuangzi's patriotic thought is generally expressed by explaining Chuang Tzu. Fang Yizhi's Zhuangzhuang is the product of this period and represents the highest achievement of Zhuang Zi. This paper tries to show its academic value and the achievements of the Ming people in the study of Zhuang by studying the book of Guanzhuang. What is more important is to restore the historical position of Fang Yizhi, an encyclopedic figure. The first chapter is the introduction to Fang Yizhi and his works. The article firstly combs Fang Yizhi's life, family background and his friends according to the existing ancient books, from which we can see the influence of the formation of Fang Yizhi's academic thought on his Zhuangxue works. Secondly, it summarizes the writing background of Guanzhuang in Yadi, examines the internal influence of the thought of "three religions in one" in Ming Dynasty, and shows the author's mentality of the bereavement in the light of the historical environment of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. It is also a part of the study to investigate its edition and compilation style. The second chapter discusses the characteristics of Guanzhuang. In the aspect of explanation of justice and theory, Fang inherits the academic tradition of former scholars' understanding of "Zhuang" by Confucianism, "Zhuang" by "Yi", "Zhuang" by "Zen", and boldly innovates on this basis. In understanding Zhuang with Confucianism, Fang regards Zhuangzi as the solitary son of Confucius, who holds that the Confucianism inherits the theory of Kong, Yan, Si and Meng. In the aspect of "Yi", he advocates that "Zhuang" is "the change of" Yi "and regards" Zhuangzi "as the legacy of the" Book of changes ", thus pushing the interpretation of" Zhuang "to an unprecedented height. Fang Yizhi later, Pai into the Zen, presided over the Qingyuan Taoist Center, lecturing the Dharma, in Zen has a very deep attainments. It is the main characteristic of Zhuangzi to interpret Zhuangzi by means of Zen official case and Zen language. The most unique thing is that Fang Yizhi also introduced some western scientific and technological knowledge to explain Zhuangzi, examine Zhuangzi from the perspective of western studies, and incorporate the modern thought, which is the only thing in the history of Zhuang school. The third chapter discusses the characteristics of Yandi Guanzhuang. Fang Yizhi not only has a unique view of the characteristics of Zhuangzi in literature and art, but also has a unique view in explaining the justice and theory of Zhuangzi. In Yao Di Guanzhuang, he made a unique comment on the writing, style, language and style of the article. He also commented on Zhuangzi from the point of view of painting and painting, which had a positive impact on later generations. The fourth chapter summarizes the value and influence of the book "Yandi Guanzhuang". The value of this book is mainly reflected in two aspects of thought and cultural inheritance. The book contains the thought of "Yi > unified the three religions", the "Zhuang > study thought of the Ming people", the materialism thought and so on, all of which have an influence on the later generations. Fang's works also have a certain impact on the future works of Zhuang School. Its deficiency is to do more Zen language, obscure and difficult to understand, to some extent affect the academic status of the book. In a word, Fang Yizhi embodied his unique interpretation and comments in his works. In the academic background of the fusion of thought and contradiction between Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhuangzi's study is brilliant, as the representative work of the Ming Dynasty's relic, the Yandi Guanzhuang occupies an important place in the history of the study.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B248.93

【共引文献】