肃州区区域生态安全格局究研

发布时间：2018-05-23 21:28

本文选题：景观格局 + 土地生态适宜性分析　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以景观生态学理论为指导,以酒泉市肃州区为研究区域,在景观格局分析和土地生态适宜性分析的基础上构建肃州区区域生态安全格局。最后,运用最小累积阻力模型分别对无生态安全约束和基于区域生态安全格局的城镇用地扩张模式进行预景。研究结果表明:(1)按照土地利用分类划分景观组分,研究区域一共有10种景观组分类型,其中未利用地占整个研究区域的63.5%是该区域的景观基质,其它景观组分类型以斑块的形式在该区域出现。水域和道路起廊道作用。耕地、林地和未利用地随着高程的增加而减少,水域分布在高程较低的地区,景观组分的分布特征受高程影响显著,研究区域总体生态资源分布不平衡,高程1131m-1439m是各类景观组分分布最全面的地区。(2)总体来看,肃州区的景观破碎度指数(FN)、景观分离度指数(Vi)、景观多样性指数(H)、景观聚集度指数(CONT)在不同的高程区域差异明显。在整个研究区域内部,景观均匀度指数(E)和景观优势度指数(D)差异较小。(3)肃州区的宜农地、宜林地、宜牧地分布占全区土地总面积的21.3%、2.3%、8.2%;其分布特征在不同的高程区域差异较大,宜农用地全部分布在高程较低的地区,宜林一等地在各高程区域分布均衡,宜林二等地主要分布在高程较低的区域;宜牧地主要分布在高程1131m-1439m和高程1942m-2544m的区域。(4)根据肃州区景观格局和土地生态适宜性的特点构建由“山地生态涵养区——绿洲生态农业区——荒漠风沙防治区”组成的区域协调、功能互补的区域生态安全格局。山地生态屏障区主要包括位于祁连山北麓的五个乡镇,该区域地处洪积扇顶、扇腰地带,滩大沟深,尤其是边远村落地广人稀;绿洲生态农业区位于冲积扇中部和下部地带,主要包括下河清乡及下河清农场、上坝镇、总寨镇,这些乡镇土壤肥沃,土层深厚,混灌便利,形成以粮食生产为主,兼顾林业和牧业的土地利用格局;荒漠风沙防治区在全区均有分布。(5)本研究选取了对肃州区未来发展和生态环境有影响作用的城镇用地作为“源”斑块,选取高程、距主要道路的距离、最近生态用地距离做为阻力因子通过建立最小累积阻力模型对其扩张的趋势进行模拟,对预景结果做了分析。
[Abstract]:Based on landscape ecology theory and Jiuquan Suzhou district, this paper constructs a regional ecological security pattern based on landscape pattern analysis and land ecological suitability analysis. Finally, the model of urban land expansion without ecological security constraints and based on regional ecological security pattern is forecasted by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The results show that there are 10 landscape components in the study area according to the classification of land use, of which 63.5% of the unused land is the landscape matrix of the study area. Other landscape components appeared in the region as patches. Water and roads act as corridors. The cultivated land, woodland and unused land decreased with the increase of elevation, and the water distribution in the area with lower elevation, the distribution characteristics of landscape components were significantly affected by elevation, and the overall ecological resources distribution was not balanced in the study area. Elevation 1131m-1439m is the most comprehensive distribution of all kinds of landscape components. (2) overall, the landscape fragmentation index, landscape separation index, landscape diversity index and landscape aggregation index in Suzhou area are obviously different in different elevation regions. Within the whole study area, the difference between landscape evenness index (E) and landscape dominance index (D) was small.) the suitable agricultural land, forest land and suitable grazing land occupied 21.32.3and 8.2% of the total land area in Suzhou district, and the distribution characteristics of them were quite different in different elevation regions. The suitable agricultural land is distributed in the area with lower elevation, the first grade land in Yilin is balanced in each elevation area, and the second grade land in Yilin is mainly distributed in the area with lower elevation. The suitable pastoral land is mainly distributed in the area of elevation 1131m-1439m and elevation 1942m-2544m.) according to the landscape pattern and the characteristics of land ecological suitability in Suzhou, a regional coordination composed of "mountain ecological conservation region-oasis ecological agricultural region-desert wind-sand control area" is constructed. Regional ecological security pattern with complementary functions. The mountain ecological barrier area mainly includes five villages and towns located at the northern foot of Qilian Mountains. The area is located at the top of the alluvial fan, the fan waist, the deep beach and gully, especially the remote villages, and the oasis ecological agricultural area is located in the middle and the lower part of the alluvial fan. It mainly includes Xiaheqing Township and Xiaheqing Farm, Shangba Town, Quanzhai Town. These villages and towns have fertile soil, deep soil layer, convenient mixed irrigation, and form a land use pattern which is based on grain production and takes into account forestry and animal husbandry. In this study, the urban land which has influence on the future development and ecological environment of Suzhou district was selected as the "source" patch, the height was chosen, and the distance from the main road was chosen. Recent ecological land use distance as a drag factor is simulated by establishing a minimum cumulative resistance model to simulate the trend of its expansion, and the pre-view results are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

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