景观绿化对城市公共开放空间声景影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 11:39

【摘要】：在当下环境,声音正在极大的影响着人们的生活质量,而应对声环境问题的方式却依然相当单一。在城市公共开放空间中,声景将声音看作一种可以被设计的景观而不是一种污染,从而为改善声环境提供新的途径。而绿化景观作为城市景观设计中的重要部分,在声学上通常考虑其吸声降噪的效果,而其从视觉角度对声景的影响研究还不充分。在不同的绿化设计下,人们对声景观的感知能发生何种变化,是一个值得研究的内容。本文主要研究的是城市开放空间中不同形式的绿化对声景感知影响,在实地调研中,对一典型带状城市公园中不同绿化景观作为调研对象,进行问卷的发放和声压级测量,获得了不同绿化存在情况对城市公共空间声景的影响。实验室实验对于绿化影响因素和声源类型进行了进一步的探讨。实验采用全景漫游的模式进行视听交互实验,从绿化空间类型、绿化包围程度以及绿化距离三个方面来研究对城市公共开放空间中常见单一声源和复合声的感知影响。对于不同绿化存在情况,实地调研冬季有绿化处主观响度高于无绿化,其主观响度差值随着声压级增高逐渐增大,声舒适度和愉悦度更低,春季和夏季不同绿化情况的声景评价差异逐渐减小;儿童喧闹声和广播声在不同季节不同绿化下的主观响度和声舒适度差异相对较大。不同的围合空间,绿化包围度及绿化距离在声压级为50 dB(A)和55 dB(A)时,广场声的声舒适度和主观响度差异较显著。对于不同的绿化包围程度,开放式绿化的广场声的声舒适度回归曲线明显高于部分包围及全包围绿化,而主观响度更低。绿化空间和绿化包围程度对于鸟叫声、音乐声和儿童喧闹声的声景感知均有显著影响;绿化距离的影响则体现在远距离情况人工声和活动声的声舒适度更高,主观响度更低。绿化的主观评价也与声景感知有显著的相关性。对于单一声源,绿化的主观评价仅和鸟叫声有显著相关性,其中绿化美观度、喜爱度、绿化量和绿化场景喜爱度和鸟叫声舒适度呈正相关,和主观响度呈负相关;而绿化开阔度的规律正相反。对50 dB(A)广场复合声,其中主观降噪效果及绿化量和主观响度呈正相关,而绿化开阔度和主观响度呈负相关关系。此外,对于人口因素,性别和年龄对于不同绿化的声景感知有差异;女性对绿化处的声景感知更敏感,而老年人对有绿化景观的场景声舒适度感受更高。
[Abstract]:In the present environment, sound is greatly affecting the quality of people's life, but the way to deal with the sound environment is still quite single. In the public open space in the city, sound is regarded as a landscape rather than a pollution that can be designed, thus providing a new way to improve the sound environment. The important part of landscape design, in acoustics, usually considers the effect of sound absorption and noise reduction, and the study of its influence on the sound from the visual angle is not sufficient. Under different greening design, what changes can happen to people's perception of sound landscape is a content worthy of study. This paper mainly studies the difference in the open space of the city. In the field investigation, the different greening landscape in a typical strip city park is used as the research object, and the questionnaire distribution and sound pressure level measurement are carried out to obtain the influence of different greening conditions on the sound of urban public space in the field investigation. The experiment used the model of panoramic roaming to carry out audio-visual interaction experiments. From the three aspects of green space type, greening encircling degree and greening distance, we studied the perception influence on the common single sound source and compound sound in the public open space of the city. For different greening conditions, the field investigation was subjective in winter. The difference of the loudness is higher than that of no greening, and the difference of the subjective loudness increases gradually with the increase of the sound pressure level, the sound comfort and the pleasantness are lower. The difference of the sound evaluation of the different greening conditions in spring and summer is gradually reduced; the difference of the subjective loudness and sound comfort of the noise and broadcasting sound of children in different seasons in different seasons is relatively large. During the sound pressure grade of 50 dB (A) and 55 dB (A), the difference of the sound comfort degree and the subjective loudness of the square sound is significant. For the different greening degree, the acoustic comfort regression curve of the open greening square sound is obviously higher than that of the partial encirclement and full encircling greening, but the subjective loudness is lower. Green space and green are green. The degree of chemical encircling has significant influence on bird's call, music sound and the sound perception of children's noise. The influence of greening distance is reflected in the higher comfort degree of artificial and active sound and lower subjective loudness. The subjective evaluation of greening also has a significant correlation with the sound perception. There is a significant correlation between the evaluation and the bird's call, in which the greening beauty, the greening amount and the greening scene love are positively correlated with the bird's sound comfort, and the subjective loudness is negatively correlated. The law of the greening widening is the opposite. The 50 dB (A) square compound sound is positively correlated with the subjective noise reduction effect and the greening amount and the subjective loudness. There is a negative correlation between the greening openness and the subjective loudness. In addition, for population factors, sex and age are different for different landscaping, and women are more sensitive to the sound perception of the greening place, while the elderly feel more comfortable in the scene with greening landscape.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU985.12;TU112

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