黔东南地区退耕还林工程实施前后景观动态变化研究
发布时间：2018-08-13 21:28
【摘要】：改革开放以后,我国经济迅速发展,人类活动对自然景观的影响加剧,地区社会经济发展差距也加剧,为了促进区域社会经济协调发展,平衡经济发展与生态保护,西部大开发战略于2000年全面启动,同时,涉及区域最广、时效最长的生态工程—退耕还林工程也在全国13个省(市)开始试点。生物多样性丰富、生态环境独特的黔东南苗族侗族自治州作为我国重点林区之一,是33个少数民族聚居区、贵州省重点开发区域,也是贵州省退耕还林工程第一批试点区,对贵州省的经济发展和生态保护具有重要的战略意义。因此,分析该州的景观格局特征及其时空演化,为当地生态安全格局的构建,开发计划、生态管理与保护方案的制定奠定了基础。本文以黔东南州1993年、1999年、2009年的土地利用图及2013年的Landsat 8遥感影像为数据源,结合该州的DEM、林相图及相关统计资料,对其退耕还林工程实施前后的耕地、林地变化及景观结构变化和驱动力进行了研究分析。论文的主要研究结论如下：(1)1999-2009年,该区域林地面积减少,耕地面积增加。空间变化显示北部、东北部重点退耕还林区林地增加,耕地减少,表明退耕还林工程效果显著。而南部、东南部非重点退耕还林区林地减少,耕地增加,说明黔东南州在实施生态退耕的同时,毁林毁草开荒、复垦也在进行。坡度250以上耕地、林地变化趋势与该州耕地、林地总体变化趋势相同,2009-2013年间,坡度250以上林地有所增加,耕地减少,说明经过退耕还林和育林之后,林地得到了恢复。1999-2013年间,海拔1000m以上林地减少,耕地、建筑用地、草地增加。NDVI的监测结果表示1999-2013年间,NDVI最大值减小,NDVI最小值增大,中覆盖区域面积增加。北部、西北部地区NDVI增加明显,而南部、东南部地区NDVI不变或者降低。(2)1993-1999年间,林地和草地向耕地的转移最为剧烈。小斑块耕地合并为大斑块,小斑块的天然林地和草地消失,因此景观斑块数量急剧下降,平均斑块面积增加,景观多样性和均匀度下降,边界密度的下降说明各景观类型被分割的程度降低,布局更加集中,面积加权平均形状指数的增加说明了斑块形状的不规则性增加。1999-2009年间,景观主要变化是林地和草地向耕地的转移,林地向耕地的转化主要发生在南部地区,草地向耕地和林地的转化主要发生在北部地区。此阶段,黔东南州景观平均斑块面积增加,其余景观指数均处于下降趋势,说明人类活动对景观变化影响剧烈。2009-2013年间,林地面积和分布较稳定,耕地略有减少,最明显的变化是建筑用地在北部增加。此阶段,景观多样性有所提高,斑块形状复杂程度略有增加,说明黔东南州在加大开发力度的同时也注意对生态环境的保护。(3)本研究选择地形地质、降水气温变化、极端天气及自然灾害为自然因素,人口、GDP产业结构及政策导向为人为因素,对该州景观格局变化的驱动力进行分析的结果显示：人类活动是主要驱动因素,且对林地和建筑用地的影响最为剧烈,人口密度与林地面积呈显著负相关关系,与建筑用地面积呈显著正相关,与耕地面积和边界密度呈不显著负相关关系。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, the impact of human activities on the natural landscape has intensified, and the disparity of regional social and economic development has also intensified. In order to promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and balance economic development and ecological protection, the strategy for the development of the western region was launched in 2000. At the same time, it involves the widest and longest-lasting eco-engineering in the region. As one of the key forest areas in China, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Guizhou with rich biodiversity and unique ecological environment is one of the 33 minority inhabited areas. It is also the first pilot area of the project in Guizhou Province. Therefore, the analysis of landscape pattern and its spatial-temporal evolution lays a foundation for the construction of local ecological security pattern, development plan, ecological management and protection plan. This paper takes the land use map of Southeast Guizhou in 1993, 1999, 2009 and Landsat 8 in 2013 as an example. Sensory images were used as data sources, combined with DEM, forest phase maps and related statistical data, the cultivated land, forest land change, landscape structure change and driving force before and after the implementation of the project were studied and analyzed. The results showed that in the north and the northeast, the forestland increased and the cultivated land decreased, which indicated that the effect of the project was remarkable. With the state's arable land, the overall trend of forest land change is the same, in 2009-2013, the slope of more than 250 woodland increased, farmland decreased, indicating that after the conversion of farmland to forest and afforestation, woodland has been restored. 1999-2013, the elevation of more than 1000m woodland decreased, cultivated land, construction land, grassland increased. NDVI monitoring results show that 1999-2013, NDVI is the most important period. In the north and northwest, NDVI increased significantly, while in the South and southeast, NDVI remained unchanged or decreased. (2) From 1993 to 1999, the transfer of woodland and grassland to cultivated land was the most intense. Small patches of cultivated land merged into large patches, and the natural woodland and grassland of small patches disappeared. The number of patches decreased sharply, the average patch area increased, the landscape diversity and evenness decreased. The decrease of boundary density indicated that the degree of division of each landscape type was reduced and the layout was more concentrated. The increase of area weighted average shape index indicated that the patch shape irregularity increased. In this stage, the average patch area of landscape in southeastern Guizhou increased, while the other landscape indices were in a downward trend, indicating that human activities had a dramatic impact on landscape change. The area and distribution are stable, the cultivated land is slightly reduced, and the most obvious change is that the construction land is increased in the north. At this stage, the landscape diversity is improved, and the patch shape complexity is slightly increased, which indicates that Qiandongnan Prefecture pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment while strengthening the development. (3) This study selected topography and geology, precipitation and temperature changes. Extreme weather and natural disasters are natural factors, population, GDP industrial structure and policy orientation are human factors. The results show that human activities are the main driving factors of landscape pattern change, and the impact on forest land and construction land is the most intense. Population density is negatively correlated with forest land area. It was positively correlated with the construction land area, but not negatively correlated with the cultivated land area and the boundary density.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S721;P901
本文编号：2182239
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, the impact of human activities on the natural landscape has intensified, and the disparity of regional social and economic development has also intensified. In order to promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and balance economic development and ecological protection, the strategy for the development of the western region was launched in 2000. At the same time, it involves the widest and longest-lasting eco-engineering in the region. As one of the key forest areas in China, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Guizhou with rich biodiversity and unique ecological environment is one of the 33 minority inhabited areas. It is also the first pilot area of the project in Guizhou Province. Therefore, the analysis of landscape pattern and its spatial-temporal evolution lays a foundation for the construction of local ecological security pattern, development plan, ecological management and protection plan. This paper takes the land use map of Southeast Guizhou in 1993, 1999, 2009 and Landsat 8 in 2013 as an example. Sensory images were used as data sources, combined with DEM, forest phase maps and related statistical data, the cultivated land, forest land change, landscape structure change and driving force before and after the implementation of the project were studied and analyzed. The results showed that in the north and the northeast, the forestland increased and the cultivated land decreased, which indicated that the effect of the project was remarkable. With the state's arable land, the overall trend of forest land change is the same, in 2009-2013, the slope of more than 250 woodland increased, farmland decreased, indicating that after the conversion of farmland to forest and afforestation, woodland has been restored. 1999-2013, the elevation of more than 1000m woodland decreased, cultivated land, construction land, grassland increased. NDVI monitoring results show that 1999-2013, NDVI is the most important period. In the north and northwest, NDVI increased significantly, while in the South and southeast, NDVI remained unchanged or decreased. (2) From 1993 to 1999, the transfer of woodland and grassland to cultivated land was the most intense. Small patches of cultivated land merged into large patches, and the natural woodland and grassland of small patches disappeared. The number of patches decreased sharply, the average patch area increased, the landscape diversity and evenness decreased. The decrease of boundary density indicated that the degree of division of each landscape type was reduced and the layout was more concentrated. The increase of area weighted average shape index indicated that the patch shape irregularity increased. In this stage, the average patch area of landscape in southeastern Guizhou increased, while the other landscape indices were in a downward trend, indicating that human activities had a dramatic impact on landscape change. The area and distribution are stable, the cultivated land is slightly reduced, and the most obvious change is that the construction land is increased in the north. At this stage, the landscape diversity is improved, and the patch shape complexity is slightly increased, which indicates that Qiandongnan Prefecture pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment while strengthening the development. (3) This study selected topography and geology, precipitation and temperature changes. Extreme weather and natural disasters are natural factors, population, GDP industrial structure and policy orientation are human factors. The results show that human activities are the main driving factors of landscape pattern change, and the impact on forest land and construction land is the most intense. Population density is negatively correlated with forest land area. It was positively correlated with the construction land area, but not negatively correlated with the cultivated land area and the boundary density.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S721;P901
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 陈睿山;蔡运龙;;土地变化科学中的尺度问题与解决途径[J];地理研究;2010年07期
2 高翔;蔡雄飞;王济;戴凌骏;穆悦;;贵州典型矿区10年景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J];环境科学与技术;2013年11期
，本文编号：2182239
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/huanjingshejilunwen/2182239.html
