基于GIS与RS的綦江流域（重庆段）生态健康状态评价研究
发布时间：2018-12-12 16:26
【摘要】：流域生态健康评价历史较长,但以往流域生态健康评价的主要研究内容往往都只着眼于流域水体的健康,即河流生态健康评估。越来越多的研究表明,随着人类活动范围及活动强度的不断增大,人类对流域生态系统的影响已经不只是单纯地反应在河流这一线状地理要素上了,更多的生态压力都集中在面状生态要素上。在流域尺度进行生态健康评价研究已经成为生态学新的研究热点,并得到了越来越多的学者的关注。但总结国内外的研究可以发现,多数相关研究都只是针对了河湖理化性质及水生生物的相关指标进行研究,而对自然成分、社会成分及经济成分对流域生态健康的综合影响评价研究甚少。本研究以遥感技术与地理信息系统技术为研究手段,参考河湖生态健康评估方法及原理,结合生态学原理及景观生态学相关知识,运用层次分析法(AHP,Analytic Hierarchy Process)选取了能从自然状态、人类活动影响、社会经济等方面反映綦江流域生态健康状态的多个指标参数,如流域植被覆盖度、湿地面积比例变化、流域城镇化程度、水文生态过程(流量过程变异度、生态流量满足程度)、水环境质量指标(溶解氧、耗氧有机物、重金属)、水生生物多样性指标、单位面积化肥施用量、流域降雨量等参数指标,从与流域生态健康状态相关的面要素特征及线要素特征层面对綦江流域(重庆段)生态健康状态作了定量评价。研究表明綦江流域(重庆段)生态健康状态评价最后得分为79.04分,属于亚健康水平。遥感提取分析表明綦江流域(重庆段)植被覆盖度程度较高,一般维持在0.4左右,植被覆盖度年际变化较小,相对较稳定;流域城镇化程度较低,但城镇化速度较快;流域单位面积化肥施用量远小于全国平均水平,流域水文生态过程相对平衡,无太大波动;流域主要河流水环境质量较高,但个别河段溶解氧含量较低;流域水生生物多样性程度高,水生态状态较好;降雨过程也相对较平稳,湿地面积保持率较高,变化率相对较低。但是研究同时还表明,綦江流域(重庆段)当前的生态健康状态处于亚健康状态,綦江流域(重庆段)生态健康状态评价综合得分不太高,流域生态健康形势依然相当严峻。流域生态所面临的危协更多的是来自人类活动的影响而非自然环境的天然变化,流域的生态状况有待进一步提高。
[Abstract]:Watershed ecological health assessment has a long history, but the main research content of watershed ecological health assessment is usually focused on river ecological health assessment. More and more studies show that with the increasing range and intensity of human activities, human impacts on watershed ecosystems are not simply reflected in the linear geographical element of rivers. More ecological pressure is concentrated on the surface ecological elements. Ecological health assessment on watershed scale has become a new research hotspot in ecology, and has been paid more and more attention by scholars. However, after summarizing the domestic and foreign studies, it can be found that most of the related studies are only aimed at the physical and chemical properties of rivers and lakes and the related indexes of aquatic organisms, while the natural components are studied. There are few studies on the comprehensive impact of social and economic components on watershed ecological health. In this study, remote sensing technology and geographic information system technology are used as research means, referring to the methods and principles of ecological health assessment of rivers and lakes, combined with ecological principles and related knowledge of landscape ecology, and using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP,). Analytic Hierarchy Process) has selected several index parameters which can reflect the ecological health state of Qijiang River basin from the aspects of natural state, human activity influence, social economy and so on, such as vegetation coverage, wetland area ratio change, urbanization degree of river basin, etc. Hydro-ecological process (variation of flow process, degree of satisfaction of ecological flow), quality index of water environment (dissolved oxygen, oxygen consuming organic matter, heavy metal), index of aquatic biodiversity, application rate of fertilizer per unit area, The quantitative evaluation of the ecological health status of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) was carried out in terms of the characteristics of surface and line elements related to the ecological health status of the watershed, such as rainfall and so on. The results show that the final score of ecological health evaluation in Qijiang River Basin (Chongqing section) is 79.04, which belongs to sub-health level. The extraction and analysis of remote sensing showed that the vegetation coverage degree of Qijiang River Basin (Chongqing section) was relatively high, generally maintained at about 0.4, the interannual change of vegetation coverage was relatively small and relatively stable, the urbanization degree of the basin was lower, but the urbanization rate was faster. The amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit area of the basin is far less than the national average, the hydroecological process of the basin is relatively balanced and there is no great fluctuation, the water environmental quality of the main river in the basin is higher, but the dissolved oxygen content in individual reaches is lower. The aquatic biodiversity of the watershed is high, the water ecological condition is better, the rainfall process is relatively stable, the wetland area conservation rate is higher, the change rate is relatively low. But at the same time, the study also shows that the current ecological health state of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) is in sub-health state, the comprehensive score of ecological health evaluation of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) is not very high, and the ecological health situation of Qijiang river basin is still very severe. The impact of human activities rather than the natural changes in the natural environment is the main cause of the basin ecology, and the ecological situation of the basin needs to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826
本文编号：2374905
[Abstract]:Watershed ecological health assessment has a long history, but the main research content of watershed ecological health assessment is usually focused on river ecological health assessment. More and more studies show that with the increasing range and intensity of human activities, human impacts on watershed ecosystems are not simply reflected in the linear geographical element of rivers. More ecological pressure is concentrated on the surface ecological elements. Ecological health assessment on watershed scale has become a new research hotspot in ecology, and has been paid more and more attention by scholars. However, after summarizing the domestic and foreign studies, it can be found that most of the related studies are only aimed at the physical and chemical properties of rivers and lakes and the related indexes of aquatic organisms, while the natural components are studied. There are few studies on the comprehensive impact of social and economic components on watershed ecological health. In this study, remote sensing technology and geographic information system technology are used as research means, referring to the methods and principles of ecological health assessment of rivers and lakes, combined with ecological principles and related knowledge of landscape ecology, and using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP,). Analytic Hierarchy Process) has selected several index parameters which can reflect the ecological health state of Qijiang River basin from the aspects of natural state, human activity influence, social economy and so on, such as vegetation coverage, wetland area ratio change, urbanization degree of river basin, etc. Hydro-ecological process (variation of flow process, degree of satisfaction of ecological flow), quality index of water environment (dissolved oxygen, oxygen consuming organic matter, heavy metal), index of aquatic biodiversity, application rate of fertilizer per unit area, The quantitative evaluation of the ecological health status of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) was carried out in terms of the characteristics of surface and line elements related to the ecological health status of the watershed, such as rainfall and so on. The results show that the final score of ecological health evaluation in Qijiang River Basin (Chongqing section) is 79.04, which belongs to sub-health level. The extraction and analysis of remote sensing showed that the vegetation coverage degree of Qijiang River Basin (Chongqing section) was relatively high, generally maintained at about 0.4, the interannual change of vegetation coverage was relatively small and relatively stable, the urbanization degree of the basin was lower, but the urbanization rate was faster. The amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit area of the basin is far less than the national average, the hydroecological process of the basin is relatively balanced and there is no great fluctuation, the water environmental quality of the main river in the basin is higher, but the dissolved oxygen content in individual reaches is lower. The aquatic biodiversity of the watershed is high, the water ecological condition is better, the rainfall process is relatively stable, the wetland area conservation rate is higher, the change rate is relatively low. But at the same time, the study also shows that the current ecological health state of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) is in sub-health state, the comprehensive score of ecological health evaluation of Qijiang river basin (Chongqing section) is not very high, and the ecological health situation of Qijiang river basin is still very severe. The impact of human activities rather than the natural changes in the natural environment is the main cause of the basin ecology, and the ecological situation of the basin needs to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826
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