《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分》中“口”词群研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 09:56

本文选题：口 + 词群　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“口”作为人类重要的身体器官,在语言上体现为与“口”有关的词汇和用法十分丰富,这些词大多使用普遍、意义复杂,往往是对外汉语教学中的重点和难点。本文立足对外汉语教学,选取《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分》词汇表中“口 ”词群涵盖的339个词和短语作为研究对象,分别从词语和语素的角度展开分类分级研究,提出“口”词群的对外汉语教学路径。从词语的角度,首先根据词语的形式将词表中“口”词群分为单音节单纯词、含语素“ 口”的合成词和短语、含“口”部字作为构词语素的合成词和短语三类,每类分别包括36、46、257个词或短语。然后以语义范畴理论和义类思想为基础对“口”词群作出更为细致的意义分类,构建比较全面的“口”词群内部语义网络。以“口”为例展开隐喻认知分析,基于邻近和凸显原则的“口”从源概念一般映射到“口味、言语、人口、感情”等目标概念,基于相似性原则的“口”从源概念一般映射到“口状物、出入通过的地方、破裂的地方”等目标概念,并举例说明其他类别词语的语义隐喻认知关联。从语素的角度,按照《现代汉语词典》(第六版)的编排原则和对外汉语教学需要,统计出73个语素形体涵盖96个语素。按照目标语素在词或短语中的显义程度归纳出目标语素在词和短语中完全显义、部分显义、间接显义、微弱显义和完全不显义四种类型。为打破汉字形体的局限,引入语素项概念,统计出234个语素项,构建语素项和词语对照表,详细分析语素项构词分布情况以及构词特点,发现词典中顺序靠前,释义内容简单以及名词、动词性质的语素项构词基础更好。从对外汉语教学的角度,以词语为中心,借助义类思想,通过构建“口”词群内部词义网络,集中开展词汇集合教学;利用隐喻理论,开展复杂多义词教学、把握义类词内部联系、做好词汇文化义教学。以语素为中心,借助形类理论,树立语素形类思想,利用“ 口”词群共同形式特征开展教学;针对汉语多义性强和留学生学习需求,以“口”为例提出基于语素项的分类分级教学方式,提升对外汉语词汇教学的针对性和实效性。
[Abstract]:As an important human body organ, "mouth" is embodied in the rich vocabulary and usage related to "mouth" in language. Most of these words are widely used and have complex meanings, which are often the key and difficult points in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Based on the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, this paper selects 339 words and phrases covered by the "mouth" word group in the vocabulary of Chinese syllables for International Chinese Education. From the angle of word and morpheme, this paper puts forward the teaching path of "mouth" word group as a foreign language. From the perspective of words, first of all, according to the form of words, the "mouth" word group in the lexical table is divided into three categories: monosyllabic simple words, compound words and phrases with morpheme "mouth", and "mouth" part characters as three kinds of compound words and phrases of word-forming morpheme. Each category includes 36,46257 words or phrases. Then, on the basis of semantic category theory and semantic category theory, we make a more detailed classification of the meaning of "mouth" word group, and construct a more comprehensive semantic network of "mouth" word group. Taking "mouth" as an example, the metaphorical cognitive analysis is carried out. The "mouth" based on the principle of proximity and salience maps from the source concept to the objective concepts of "taste, speech, population, emotion" and so on. Based on the principle of similarity, the "mouth" is mapped from the source concept to the target concepts such as "mouth, place of entry and exit, place of rupture", and examples are given to illustrate the cognitive relevance of semantic metaphor of other categories of words. From the perspective of morpheme, according to the arrangement principle of Modern Chinese Dictionary (sixth edition) and the need of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, 73 morphemes covering 96 morphemes are obtained. According to the degree of explicit meaning of target morpheme in words or phrases, the four types of target morpheme in word and phrase are concluded: complete explicit meaning, partial explicit meaning, indirect explicit meaning, weak explicit meaning and completely unexplicit meaning. In order to break the limitation of Chinese character form, the concept of morpheme is introduced, 234 morpheme items are counted, and a comparison table of morpheme items and words is constructed. The distribution and characteristics of morpheme term formation are analyzed in detail, and it is found that the order of morpheme items is ahead in the dictionary. The content of interpretation is simple as well as noun, verb nature morpheme word formation foundation is better. From the point of view of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, with the help of the concept of semantic category, the teaching of complex polysemous words is carried out through the construction of the inner semantic network of "mouth" word group, and the teaching of complex polysemous words by means of metaphorical theory. Grasp the internal relations of semantic words, and do a good job in teaching lexical and cultural meaning. Taking morpheme as the center, with the help of the theory of morpheme, setting up the thought of morpheme, using the common form characteristic of "mouth" word group to carry out teaching, aiming at the strong polysemy of Chinese and the study needs of foreign students, Taking "mouth" as an example, this paper puts forward a classified and graded teaching method based on morpheme to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of Chinese vocabulary teaching as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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