13-14世纪蒙古游记中东西方眼中的蒙古人形象比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 19:32

本文关键词：13-14世纪蒙古游记中东西方眼中的蒙古人形象比较研究　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：13-14世纪蒙古人建立强大的跨越欧亚大陆的蒙元帝国,促进了东西方文化交流。由此与蒙古相邻的东西方各国传教士,使者,商人,国王陆续来到蒙古地区,留下了许多游记。这些游记被译为各种语言并广泛流传。在20世纪中期其被译为蒙古文,成为蒙古人从"他者"眼中认识"自我"的一面镜子。本论文由绪论、正文(第一章、第二章、第三章)、结语等三个部分组成。绪论部分主要交代选题依据及研究对象、前人研究概况、研究空间、研究内容与研究方法、研究目的及研究意义、相关概念的界定。第一章介绍了 13-14世纪《长春真人西游记》、耶律楚材《西游录》、《北使记》、赵珙《蒙鞑备录》、彭大雅、徐霆《黑鞑史略》、《柏朗嘉宾蒙古游记》、张德辉《岭北行记》、《威廉鲁布鲁克蒙古游记》、《海屯行纪》、《马可波罗游记》、《鄂多立克东游记》等十一部蒙古游记。并结合跨文化传播理论分析了以上11部蒙古游记蒙文版的传播者、传播渠道、传播方法、受众、传播时间等五个元素。第二章通过13-14世纪东西方眼中蒙古人外在形象(外貌、服饰、言行)和内在形象(性格、知识、价值取向)分别探析了东西方眼中的蒙古人形象。分析结果为:东方眼中呈现了可汗、贫民、官员、富人阶级及男女等类形象和蒙古人泛形象,而在西方眼中除了以上七种形象外,在社会阶级层面还呈现出了奴隶形象。第三章通过对比13-14世纪东西方眼中的蒙古人外在形象和内在形象得出了以下结论:第一,在可汗形象上东方眼中呈现了成吉思汗,窝阔台,忽必烈形象,而在西方眼中则呈现了巴图,贵由,孟克,忽必烈等四位可汗的形象。尽管两者都描述了忽必烈,然而在西方眼中忽必烈的才能大于蒙古其他五位可汗的能力之和,而且高过基督教各教皇的能力并在忽必烈外貌和着装上的描述也有别于东方。第二,在西方眼中出现了有别于东方的诚实守信、孝顺、不贪婪的蒙古贫民形象。第三,西方眼中的蒙古男性形象在言行及忠爱妻子方面有别于东方。第四,在女性形象方面,西方人分别记述了未婚和已婚女性的着装和发型并塑造了勤劳、纯洁的女性形象,这点有别于东方。第五,在蒙古人共有的泛形象方面,东方人塑造了不尊重父母的蒙古人形象,而西方则塑造了与之相反的尊重父母的形象。第六,在西方眼中出现了有别于东方的崇尚礼仪、低声说话的文明习俗的富人和官员形象。第七,虽然西方人更细致的描述了蒙古人形象但对于实物的准确命名却不及东方。例如:西方把蒙古女性的头饰姑姑冠称为"状似人脚的东西",把粉和狼粪称为"把脸涂得十分难看"等。由于自然环境、社会体制、信仰、习俗等方面的不同在东西方眼中呈现了不同的蒙古人形象。他们更多的关注与自身不同的形象。因东方人和蒙古人文化环境的差距较小,所以就东方人更能准确命名蒙古人形象。但东方的蒙古游记中他们以自身的文化为参照塑造了蒙古人形象,而西方则及参照他者(蒙古人)文化来评价他者(蒙古人)文化而并非完全基于本土文化。本论文有以蒙古文翻译文献为研究基础;涵盖了所有的东西方蒙古游记;以跨文化传播学角度把事实历史和叙述历史看做相同文化景;把他者眼中的蒙古人形象分为类形象和泛形象;把他者的游记与蒙古人所著的文献相比较等五个创新之处。呈现东西方眼中的蒙古人形象的区别有利于与文化他者交流,并其成为我们扬长避短的参照和依据。
[Abstract]:The 13-14 century Mongols established strong across Eurasia in the Mongol Empire, promoted the cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The Mongolia and the neighboring countries in both East and West missionaries, merchants, messengers, the king went to Mongolia, leaving many blogs. These blogs have been translated into various languages and widely circulated. In mid twentieth Century it was translated into Mongolian, Mongolian become from "the other" in the eyes of the understanding of "self" mirror. This paper consists of preface, text (Chapter one, chapter second, chapter third), the three part is the conclusion and so on. The introduction part mainly explains the basis and the object of study, overview of previous studies, research space, research content and research methods. Study on the purpose and significance of the research, the definition of related concepts. The first chapter introduces the 13-14 century "Changchun real pilgrimage to the west", "journey to the West. Yelv Chucai >, < > North to remember, Zhao Gong Meng Da back-up < >, <, Peng, Xu Ting black tartar A brief history of >, < > berrang guest travels in Mongolia, Zhang Dehui < < William Rubruck > North travel notes, Mongolia Travel >, < < > hyton Commission, Marco Polo Travel >, < E > eleven Duolikedong travel travels in Mongolia., spread and analyzes more than 11 travel books of Mongolia Mongolian version with intercultural communication the theory of communication channels, communication methods, the audience, the propagation time of five elements. The second chapter through the 13-14 century Mongolian Western eyes external image (appearance, dress, behavior) and internal image (character, knowledge, value orientation) of the East and the West in the eyes of the Mongolian image analyze respectively. The analysis result shows: the Oriental eyes Khan, the poor, and officials, wealthy men and women such as image and pan image and the Mongols in the west, in addition to the above seven kinds of image, in social class level but also showing the image of slaves. In the third chapter, by comparing the 13-14 century western eyes The external image in the internal image and draw the following conclusions: first, in the image of the East in front of the Khan Gen Gi Khan, ogdai, the image of Kublai in Western eyes showed by Bartle, Munch, Kublai and other expensive, four Khan's image. Although both described Kublai, and ability however, in the eyes of Western Mongolia Kublai can be greater than the other five Khan, ability and higher than the Christian Pope and Kublai on the appearance and dress description is different from the East. Second, in Western eyes appeared different from the honest and trustworthy, Oriental filial piety, not greedy of Mongolia poor image. Third. Western Mongolia in the eyes of the male image is different from the East in the words and the love wife. In fourth, the image of women, Westerners in unmarried and married women dress and hair type and shape the industrious The image of women, pure, this is different from the East. In fifth, the Mongols shared pan image, the Oriental shape does not respect parents' image of Mongolian, and the west is shaping the opposite respect for their image. Sixth, in Western eyes appeared different from the east side of advocating etiquette, whispered speaking of the rich and civilized customs officials image. Seventh, although a more detailed description of the western image of Mongolian but for less than the exact name real East. For example: Western Mongolia women's headdress called "aunt crown like the foot of East West, the powder and wolf dung called her face painted very ugly". Because of the natural environment, social system, religion, customs and other aspects of different things in the eyes of different parties. They pay more attention to the image of the Mongols and their different image. Because of the Oriental and Mongolian cultural environment difference Distance is small, so the eastern people more accurately. But the image of Mongolian named Oriental travels in Mongolia in their own culture as a reference shape the image of Mongolian, while the western culture and other reference (Mongols) to evaluate other (Mongols) culture and is not based on the local culture. This thesis is based on the Mongolian translation literature as the research foundation; covers all things Mongolia travels; cross-cultural communication in perspective of the facts of history and narrative history as the same cultural landscape; the other in the eyes of the Mongolian image is divided into image and pan image; take the journey with the Mongols of the other literature compared to five separate innovations. In the eyes of the West Mongolian image is conducive to communication and culture, and become our weaknesses of the reference and the basis.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.6

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