《赎罪》中的创伤书写和叙事治疗

发布时间：2018-01-20 12:24

本文关键词： 《赎罪》伊恩·麦克尤恩布莱恩妮创伤书写叙事治疗历史　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伊恩·麦克尤恩(Ian·McEwan)是当下英国文坛最有影响力的作家,《赎罪》是继其《水泥花园》、《阿姆斯特丹》和《时间的孩子》之后的另一部力作。《赎罪》的女主人公布莱恩妮富于幻想,因年少无知而误证姐姐的恋人罗比为强奸犯,最终酿成恋人悲剧命运而悔恨终身。小说中,麦氏突破以往精简凝练、阴森可怖的创作模式,匠心独运地将大众元素和严肃话题相结合,在为读者呈现惊心动魄的爱情画卷和硝烟四起的战争场景的同时,也将读者拽入直面和反思罪行、道德、人性、历史、战争和创作本身等深层次议题,为文本留下很大解读空间。众所周知,《赎罪》别具一格的叙事手法和元小说等元素一经发表就广受关注且好评如潮,被誉为"当代叙事信念经典"的文本。因此,以往学者多从后现代叙事手法或者伦理的维度对其进行解读。本文认为,单从《赎罪》的叙事手法和元小说结尾不能完全诠释其深度和广泛的影响力。本文拟从"创伤"为切入点,运用创伤文学和叙事心理学中的相关概念,探讨《赎罪》中的"创伤书写"和"叙事治疗"。尽管有关文学疗愈功能的实证研究到上世纪才出现,但人类利用写作促进身心健康的实践史却可上溯人类文明伊始:古希腊罗马神话中的太阳神阿波罗同时兼诗歌和健康二职,这种看似不经意的联系,实则暗示了早期人类对文学与健康二者之间内在关系的洞见。后来这种关系也在亚里士多德有关诗歌"净化"功能一说中得以传承。19世纪末,精神分析学之父弗洛伊德在有关创伤的临床实证研究中发现创造性的自我表达(无论是口头的,还是书面的)对治疗当事人的创伤心理十分有利,于是创立了以当事人言说创伤经历为核心的"宣泄疗法"。20世纪中后期,"叙事治疗"又回归到文学批评领域,成为创伤文学中的核心概念之一。可见叙事具有疗愈创伤之效的看法由来已久并且在当下诸多学科领域重获新意。创伤书写一直是一个麦克尤恩创作生涯中关注的重要议题,小说《赎罪》作为麦氏的巅峰之作,对敦刻尔克大撤退历史事件的书写体现了战争给麦克尤恩等战后一代滞留的创伤阴霾,可谓是创伤书写的代表作。麦克尤恩在小说中书写的创伤体验不仅仅拘泥于个人化的创伤体验及其创伤心理的种种表现,而且再现了二战所带来的集体创伤,因而呈现了个人创伤和集体创伤相互交织的伤痕累累的文本。本文通过分析小说中布莱恩妮的个人创伤、家庭创伤以及战争带来的集体创伤和表征,探讨麦氏在《赎罪》中用书写重返历史、疗愈创伤、建构集体文化记忆和警醒世人撒播移情关怀等重要维度。在这个"后创伤时代",看得见的肉体伤疤虽然已经愈合,但看不见的心理伤疤却以各种潜在的方式影响着当下人们的生活。因此对创伤书写和叙事治疗的研究意义一方面有助于加强人们对叙事治疗功能的认识,同时也提醒世人担起个人对灾难性历史事件所引发的集体创伤的责任。
[Abstract]:Ian McEwen (Ian McEwan) is the most influential contemporary British writers, < > < sin is following its Cement Garden >, another masterpiece. < < > > and < sin Amsterdam after the child of time > hostess announced Levin Anni imagination, due to ignorance and error of sister's lover Robbie for the rapist, eventually led to the tragic fate of lovers and regret for life. In the novel, Maxwell's breakthrough streamlined concise ghastly, creative mode, unique to popular elements and serious topics combined in the thrilling picture of love for the readers and four gunsmoke war scenes at the same time, will also be dragged into the face and readers reflections on Crime, morality, humanity, history, war and creation itself and other deep-seated issues, leave a lot of space for the interpretation of the text. As everyone knows, < > sin have a unique style of narrative technique and meta fiction elements such as a hair The table on the wide attention and acclaim, known as "the narrative text of the contemporary classical belief". Therefore, many scholars from the postmodern narrative or ethical dimension to carry on the analysis. This paper argues that, from the "sin > narrative element and the end of the novel does not fully explain the deep and extensive influence. This paper from the" trauma "as the starting point, using the related concept of trauma literature and narrative psychology, to explore the" atonement > in the "trauma writing" and "narrative therapy." despite the empirical research on literature and healing function to the last century did not appear, but the human use writing to promote physical and mental health of the practice of history but at the beginning of human civilization can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome Apollo: the myth of the sun god and poetry and two health post, this seemingly casual contact, but suggested that early humans on the intrinsic relationship between literature and the health of the two insight. Later, this relationship also to Aristotle about the poem "purification" function "in the heritage of the.19 century, the spirit of creative self expression in the relevant empirical research found that clinical trauma guru Freud (either oral or written,) is very beneficial for the treatment of the psychological trauma, and the creation of a party speaking of post traumatic experiences as the core of the" catharsis ".20 century," narrative therapy "and return to the field of literary criticism, has become one of the core concepts of trauma literature. Visible narrative has healing effect and a new view of long-standing in many fields. The trauma writing is always an important issue concerns a Mceuen's writing career, the novel" atonement > as Maxwell pinnacle, the Dunkirk retreat of historical events writing reflects the war to wheat Kyun, a post-war generation of stranded trauma haze, it is representative of the trauma writing. Mceuen writing in the novel the various manifestations of traumatic experience not just personal trauma experience and psychological trauma, and reproduction of the war caused by the collective trauma, thus showing the text of individual and collective trauma trauma intertwined scars. Through the analysis of the novel Brian Bnnie's personal trauma, collective trauma and characterization of family trauma and caused by the war, to investigate the Maxwell's return to the historical writing in "atonement", healing, construction of collective cultural memory and alert the world broadcast empathy and other important dimensions. In the "post trauma era", visible the body has scar healing, but invisible psychological scars but with various potential influences the people's life. So the trauma writing and The research significance of narrative therapy helps to strengthen people's understanding of the function of narrative therapy on the one hand, and also reminds people of their responsibility for collective trauma caused by disastrous historical events.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

【相似文献】