《寂静的春天》的绿色语法分析

发布时间：2018-08-27 18:22

【摘要】：20世纪60年代,蕾切尔·卡森发表的《寂静的春天》是现代环境运动的语篇肇始,该书语言蕴含的绿色语法思想极大地警醒了人们,让全世界注意到滥用杀虫剂给人类健康和环境带来的危害,呼吁更多的人去关注环境问题。“绿色语法”不是传统意义上注重语言表达规则的语法,而是为了充分体现人与自然和谐共处、万物皆平等这一现代生态伦理观念的词汇语法表达方式。它表达了一种绿色的理念,强调要通过语言手段来保护生态环境,而且也要对语言系统中非生态的意识形态和语法表达进行批评分析。国内外对《寂静的春天》的研究,基本是基于生态女性主义、生态批评、环境哲学及环保类的文学性研究。本论文将韩礼德系统功能语法的及物系统理论与费尔克劳的三维分析理论结合起来,选取《寂静的春天》的部分语料,从语言本身出发,以生态批评性话语分析为研究范式,通过在描述层面、阐释层面和解释层面等三个维度对《寂静的春天》语篇的及物性特征进行研究,探讨了蕴涵于《寂静的春天》语篇中的“绿色语法”思想,揭示了语言、自然和社会三者之间的关系。《寂静的春天》语篇的绿色语法特点表现在如下三个方面:在描述层面,《寂静的春天》语篇的及物性特征是,物质过程和关系过程分别以46.98%和31.88%的比例占主要地位,心理过程、言语过程、存在过程分别只占9.06%、6.38%、5.70%,而行为过程没有体现。这表明,《寂静的春天》的观点和结论具有客观性,作者是在大量客观数据的基础上,通过语言描述的“物质过程”将这些数据客观具体的列举出来,以揭示杀虫剂所带来的危害的。在阐释层面,《寂静的春天》语篇的物质过程、关系过程、心理过程、言语过程以及存在过程,皆在不同程度上蕴含了绿色语法思想。在这些及物性过程中,《寂静的春天》语篇的一些话语构建,对语言进行了巧妙运用。如,为推卸责任而隐藏了动作的施事者和受事者的名词化结构在物质过程、关系过程以及言语过程中的运用;大量无生命物体作为施事者在物质过程、心理过程、存在过程的运用;互动动词在物质过程的运用,这些“绿色语法”皆在不同程度上对人类中心主义、增长主义、等级主义等非生态因素进行了批评,以构建人类与非人类共存的场景,从而实现人与自然的和谐。在解释层面,《寂静的春天》语篇揭示了语言和社会之间存在着特定的内在关系--以人类为中心的无意识的话语在对语言者行为进行着构建。一方面,就语言使用者本身而言,他们对于自己所建构的反生态的话语毫无意识,也并不知道此话语有悖于生态和谐。另一方面,随着人类生态意识的觉醒,这种无意识的话语构建将会有意识的发生转变,使得语言者对语言进行选择,使用有益于生态和谐的语言,积极构建和谐的生态环境。《寂静的春天》语篇蕴含的绿色语法揭示的这种内在关系有着显著的社会功能,促进了人们在环境保护方面做出努力,促使人们认识到语言与现实是持续不断地相关联;也警醒人类应该重视和自然世界的关系,要以谦逊的态度来对待自然,要与自然和谐相处。总之,《寂静的春天》语篇蕴含的绿色语法思想促进人们对语言使用进行有意识的选择,从而发挥语言在环境问题中的积极作用。
[Abstract]:In the 1960s, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, the beginning of the discourse of the modern environmental movement. The green grammar in the language of the book greatly alerted people to the dangers of pesticide abuse to human health and the environment, and called for more people to pay attention to environmental issues. It is a grammar that pays attention to the rules of language expression in the traditional sense, but in order to fully embody the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and the equality of all things, which is a lexical and grammatical expression of modern ecological ethics. Ideology and grammatical expression are critically analyzed.The study of Silent Spring at home and abroad is basically based on the literary study of ecofeminism, ecocriticism, environmental philosophy and environmental protection.This paper combines the transitive system theory of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar with Fairclaw's three-dimensional analysis theory to select Silence. From the perspective of language itself and eco-critical discourse analysis, the transitivity of Spring in Silence is studied from the perspectives of description, interpretation and interpretation. The idea of "green grammar" in Spring in Silence is explored and revealed. On the descriptive level, the transitivity of the text is that the material process and the relational process occupy the dominant position in 46.98% and 31.88% respectively, while the psychological process, the speech process and the existential process are only in the descriptive level. 9.06%, 6.38%, 5.70% of the pesticides, but the behavior process is not reflected. This shows that the views and conclusions of Silent Spring are objective. The author enumerates these data objectively and concretely on the basis of a large number of objective data and through the "material process" described by language to reveal the harm caused by pesticides. The material, relational, psychological, verbal and existential processes of "Spring of Silence" contain green grammatical ideas to varying degrees. In these transitivity processes, some discourse construction in the discourse of "Spring of Silence" makes ingenious use of language. For example, the actors and receivers who hide their actions in order to shirk their responsibilities. The use of the nominalized structure of the agent in material, relational and verbal processes; the use of a large number of inanimate objects as agents in material, psychological and existential processes; and the use of interactive verbs in material processes, all of these "green grammars" are to varying degrees anthropocentrism, growth, hierarchy At the explanatory level, the text of Silent Spring reveals that there exists a specific internal relationship between language and society - that is, unconscious discourse centered on human beings constructs the behavior of the speaker. As far as the language users themselves are concerned, they are unconscious of the anti-ecological discourse they have constructed, and do not know that the discourse is contrary to ecological harmony. On the other hand, with the awakening of human ecological consciousness, this unconscious discourse construction will consciously change, making the language users to choose and use useful language. Language of ecological harmony, actively building a harmonious ecological environment. text contains green grammar reveals this inherent relationship has a significant social function, promote people to make efforts in environmental protection, make people realize that language and reality are constantly related; also warn people should attach importance to and The relationship between the natural world and nature should be treated with humility and in harmony with nature. In a word, the green grammar thought in the text of Silent Spring promotes people to make conscious choices in language use, so that language can play an active role in environmental problems.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.06

【参考文献】