论欧茨《大瀑布》的叙事策略
发布时间：2019-05-19 23:43
【摘要】：乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨是一位出色多产的美国当代作家。自从1963年短篇小说集《北门畔》问世以来,她先后发表了多部小说、短篇故事集、戏剧和其它文学体裁的作品,并深受好评。由于她在文学创作上的突出成绩,她获得了1970年的国家图书奖,也多次获得布克奖提名,普利策奖提名等诸多奖项。凭借《大瀑布》一书,她获得了2005年的费米娜文学奖和2006年的芝加哥论坛报终身成就奖。论文以《大瀑布》为研究对象,运用法国著名文艺评论家杰拉尔·热奈特的叙事理论,从叙事时间、叙事聚焦和叙事话语三方面来分析《大瀑布》独特的叙事策略。论文的第一部分是引言,简要介绍了欧茨和她的作品《大瀑布》,总结了国内外对《大瀑布》的研究现状,简要说明了论文的研究重点和意义以及热奈特的叙事学理论。第二部分从非年代顺序排列的时间顺序,不对等的时间频率和不相等的时间距离对《大瀑布》中断层的时间进行了研究,指出小说中的时间是非线性循环的。小说以吉尔伯特的自杀为开端,这种倒叙极大的引起了读者的阅读兴趣;随后又预叙了“爱的运河”等事件,使得小说的情节更加完整。倒叙和预叙的混合使用使小说情节波荡起伏,引人入胜。不同的时间频率又强调了重要事件在揭示人物形象和故事情节发展中的重要地位,比如关于“大瀑布的寡妇新娘”的传说就强调了阿莉亚坚强,独立,勇敢的品质。而叙事时距的不同又体现作者在情节安排上的别具匠心,作者既可以花费大量笔墨来描写吉尔伯特和德克死亡的场景,也可以只字不提德克死后阿莉亚和三个孩子的生活,而这些叙事时距的不同都彰显了阿莉亚的坚强和勇敢,同时也使小说情节详略得当。第三部分从零聚焦、外聚焦和内聚焦对《大瀑布》中多重的视角进行了分析,发现小说中的视角随着情节的发展是经常变化的。零聚焦为故事的发展补充了一些必要的信息,使得小说的情节更加完整;外聚焦让人物的性格特征更加鲜明,特别是女主角阿莉亚的形象更加生动,贴近生活;内聚焦又为读者提供了参与到故事情节发展的机会,引起了读者的共鸣。第四部分通过对小说中不同的叙事话语——转述话语,间接转述话语和戏剧式转述话语对《大瀑布》中多变的叙事话语进行了分析,发现小说中的叙事话语是不稳定的,而不稳定的叙事话语使读者更好的了解了小说中的人物。转述话语因不可避免的受到叙述者的干预最大限度的保持了与读者的叙事距离;间接转述话语让阿莉亚,德克等主要人物形象更加丰满;戏剧式转述话语更是让读者深刻的感受到人物情感的变化。总之,不同的叙事话语恰当的控制了叙事距离,使人物形象更加鲜明,升华了小说的主题。第五部分是论文的结论。小说综合运用断层的时间,不同的视角及多变的叙事话语使得《大瀑布》成为一部叙事极为特殊的优秀小说。小说中所使用的叙事策略使人物形象更加鲜明,深化和拓展了小说主题,其作者欧茨无愧于所有的赞美。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates is an excellent and productive American contemporary writer. Since the introduction of the short story set in 1963, she has published several novels, short stories, plays and other literary works, and has been well received. As a result of her outstanding achievement in the literary creation, she won the 1970 National Book Award and won many awards such as the nomination of the Booker Prize and the Pulitzer Prize. With the "Great Falls> book", she won the Fermi Literature Award in 2005 and the 2006 Chicago Tribune Lifetime Achievement Award. The paper uses the narrative theory of the famous literature and art critic of France, Gerar hot Knight, to analyze the narrative strategy of "Big waterfall> unique" from three aspects: narrative time, narrative focus and narrative discourse. The first part of the paper is the introduction, briefly introduces the Oz and her works , summarizes the research status of the domestic and foreign research on the "Big Waterfall", and gives a brief account of the research focus and significance of the paper and the narrative theory of Nate. The second part, from the chronological order of the non-chronological order, the unequal time frequency and the unequal time distance, studies the time of the fault in the , and points out that the time in the novel is non-linear. The novel takes Gilbert's suicide as the beginning, which causes the reader's reading interest; then, the "a canal of love" and other events are prepainted, so that the plot of the novel is more complete. The mixed use of the syrian and the pretense makes the novel plot undulating and engaging. The different time frequency also emphasized the important position of important events in revealing the characters and the development of the plot, such as the legend of the "A widow's bride of a large waterfall.", and emphasized the strong, independent and brave character of Aia. The difference between the narrative time and the narrative time reflects the author's ingenuity in the plot arrangement, and the author can take a large amount of ink to describe the scene of Gilbert and Dirk's death, and can only mention the life of Julia and the three children after Dirk's death. The difference of these narrative time points out the strength and the courage of Aia, and also makes the novel plot of the novel as well. The third part analyses the multiple angles of view from zero focus, external focus and internal focus to the large waterfalls. It is found that the angle of view in the novel is often changed with the development of the plot. Zero focus adds some necessary information to the development of the story, so that the plot of the novel is more complete; the external focus makes the character of the character more vivid, especially the image of the heroine Amelia is more vivid and close to life; The internal focus also provides the reader with the opportunity to participate in the development of the storyline, which causes the reader's resonance. In the fourth part, through the analysis of the different narrative discourse in the novel, the indirect transfer of the discourse and the drama-type discourse to the changeable narrative discourse in the "Big Waterfall", it is found that the narrative discourse in the novel is not stable, The unstable narrative discourse makes the reader better understand the characters in the novel. The discourse has kept the narrative distance of the reader to the maximum extent due to the inevitable intervention of the narrator; the indirect transfer of the discourse makes the main characters such as Aia and Deckert more full; the drama-type discourse is the change of the emotion of the person deeply. In short, the narrative distance is appropriately controlled by different narrative words, so that the characters are more vivid and the subject of the novel is sublimed. The fifth part is the conclusion of the paper. The time of the comprehensive application of the fault, the different visual angle and the variable narrative discourse make the become a very special and special novel. The narrative strategies used in the novel make the characters more vivid, deepen and expand the theme of the novel, and the author of the novel is not worthy of all the praise.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2481166
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates is an excellent and productive American contemporary writer. Since the introduction of the short story set in 1963, she has published several novels, short stories, plays and other literary works, and has been well received. As a result of her outstanding achievement in the literary creation, she won the 1970 National Book Award and won many awards such as the nomination of the Booker Prize and the Pulitzer Prize. With the "Great Falls> book", she won the Fermi Literature Award in 2005 and the 2006 Chicago Tribune Lifetime Achievement Award. The paper uses the narrative theory of the famous literature and art critic of France, Gerar hot Knight, to analyze the narrative strategy of "Big waterfall> unique" from three aspects: narrative time, narrative focus and narrative discourse. The first part of the paper is the introduction, briefly introduces the Oz and her works , summarizes the research status of the domestic and foreign research on the "Big Waterfall", and gives a brief account of the research focus and significance of the paper and the narrative theory of Nate. The second part, from the chronological order of the non-chronological order, the unequal time frequency and the unequal time distance, studies the time of the fault in the , and points out that the time in the novel is non-linear. The novel takes Gilbert's suicide as the beginning, which causes the reader's reading interest; then, the "a canal of love" and other events are prepainted, so that the plot of the novel is more complete. The mixed use of the syrian and the pretense makes the novel plot undulating and engaging. The different time frequency also emphasized the important position of important events in revealing the characters and the development of the plot, such as the legend of the "A widow's bride of a large waterfall.", and emphasized the strong, independent and brave character of Aia. The difference between the narrative time and the narrative time reflects the author's ingenuity in the plot arrangement, and the author can take a large amount of ink to describe the scene of Gilbert and Dirk's death, and can only mention the life of Julia and the three children after Dirk's death. The difference of these narrative time points out the strength and the courage of Aia, and also makes the novel plot of the novel as well. The third part analyses the multiple angles of view from zero focus, external focus and internal focus to the large waterfalls. It is found that the angle of view in the novel is often changed with the development of the plot. Zero focus adds some necessary information to the development of the story, so that the plot of the novel is more complete; the external focus makes the character of the character more vivid, especially the image of the heroine Amelia is more vivid and close to life; The internal focus also provides the reader with the opportunity to participate in the development of the storyline, which causes the reader's resonance. In the fourth part, through the analysis of the different narrative discourse in the novel, the indirect transfer of the discourse and the drama-type discourse to the changeable narrative discourse in the "Big Waterfall", it is found that the narrative discourse in the novel is not stable, The unstable narrative discourse makes the reader better understand the characters in the novel. The discourse has kept the narrative distance of the reader to the maximum extent due to the inevitable intervention of the narrator; the indirect transfer of the discourse makes the main characters such as Aia and Deckert more full; the drama-type discourse is the change of the emotion of the person deeply. In short, the narrative distance is appropriately controlled by different narrative words, so that the characters are more vivid and the subject of the novel is sublimed. The fifth part is the conclusion of the paper. The time of the comprehensive application of the fault, the different visual angle and the variable narrative discourse make the become a very special and special novel. The narrative strategies used in the novel make the characters more vivid, deepen and expand the theme of the novel, and the author of the novel is not worthy of all the praise.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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