安部公房早期小说创作中“兽”的困境研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 21:51

本文关键词：安部公房早期小说创作中“兽”的困境研究　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：安部公房的文学作品当中，贯穿着对战后日本人生存方式的探索．作家本人的成长过程充满曲折，生活长期无法安定下来，精神世界充满着困顿与迷茫。这使得其文学作品中出现的众多人物和角色始终处于焦躁、不安定的状况之中，但另一方面，也造就了安部文学手法的多变性，使他不拘泥于同一种文学表现方式，不断寻求变化，逐步形成自己独特而成熟的文学类型。思想上和写作手法上都达到一定的高度与水准的《砂女》的问世，标志着安部在文学上的成熟，而在此之前，安部在文学创作上经历了一系列的成长和变化过程，为了探寻这一过程的实际状况与作用机制，我们可以从“兽”的视点出发进行探讨。关于安部文学创作手法变迁方面的研究，有的从殖民地体验的角度，有的从“逃亡者”行为模式的角度进行了探讨。还有学者就安部公房文学中对共同体的批判进行了研究．本论文从“兽”这个视角出发，通过探究安部公房初期小说中的“兽”的困境和安部对“兽”的命运轨迹的安排，揭示出安部公房在文学手法和思想上的状态的变化，进一步分析其逐渐臻至成熟的变化轨迹。在安部的早期小说当中，多次出现“兽”的意象，表面上看来，“兽”是一种比喻手法，，但安部公房给“兽”灌输了更多的含义，把“兽”作为现代社会中不断被异化、不断逃离现实的生存状态的模版。而他的初期小说当中那些有着不同遭遇的主人公，可以看做是“兽”在不同故事框架内的现身。先行研究当中，关于安部公房文学中“兽”意象的研究，多集中于从超现实主义变形手法的角度，对变形为“兽”之后的生存状态进行剖析。本论文的研究重点是，通过对安部公房的初期小说中“兽”所面临的困境进行剖析，探讨安部公房在描绘“兽”的困境之时所使用的文学手法以及思想上的状态，进而揭示出作家不断成长不断走向成熟的过程。本论文在阐述“兽”的困境时，将之与“共同体”结合起来讨论，采取资料研究与文本分析的方法，最后进行归纳，得出结论。本论文拟从两个方面对“兽”的困境进行探讨，一是当“兽”位于“共同体”之内时，另一项内容是“兽”从“共同体”逃脱之时。这两个方向分别对应着安部公房文学手法的变迁与思想意识方面的变化。本文第一章为序论部分，主要介绍安部公房的生平、本文论点、研究背景、研究目的和方法等；第二章对关键词“兽”、“共同体”进行解释，阐述从“兽”的视点进行研究的可行性，为后面的论述作铺垫；第三章探讨的是当“兽”处于“共同体”当中时所面临的困境。第三章主要分为三个层次进行探讨，首先在处女作阶段，安部主要受西方文学与哲学尤其是存在主义的影响，在写法上突破传统小说禁锢，采用大量独白和心理活动描写，给人一种彷徨无助的虚无感；其次在作品集《墙》的阶段，安部公房接受花田清辉前卫艺术的理论，在写作手法上有了新的突破。他采用将主人公变形的方式来揭露主人公的异化，同时对“共同体”的理解也更加深入。为了阐述“兽”在“共同体”当中的困境，安部特别提出，“共同体”为了对“兽”进行统治和管理，将名字、头衔等一些用于对个体进行标识的社会性符号附加在原本自由的“兽”的身上，并且只看重这些原本只是附属品的符号，一旦“兽”失去了这些，其存在便失去了“共同体”的认可，进而受到“共同体”的惩罚．最后在《砂女》阶段，安部重新面对现实，构建出一个现实当中的村落共同体，让“兽”与“共同体”进行全面对决，而“共同体”对“兽”的压迫也更加具体和显著。由此可以看出，安部在创作《砂女》时，手法变得更加成熟。第四章探讨的是当“兽”努力从“共同体”逃脱之时面临的新的困境。这一章同样从三个层次进行细致探讨。首先在处女作阶段，“兽”虽然从原来的“共同体”当中脱离出来，却陷入了另一个“共同体”当中。此时“二战”刚结束，安部在思想上十分悲观，心中充满了绝望和虚无感。其次在作品集《墙》的阶段，安部让主人公进行变身，让主人公暂时获得一定的自由和安定的空间，但是《红茧》的主人公最后还是无法摆脱受人操纵的命运。《S．卡尔玛的犯罪》的主人公虽然变身为墙，但是墙本身也蕴含着束缚人自由的危险性，因此未来仍然充满不确定性因素。最后在《砂女》阶段，主人公虽然逃亡计划失败，却在最后通过既有知识，发明了可以在沙漠中获取蒸馏水的装置，从而获得活下去的勇气。这一阶段的安部在政治活动方面遭遇挫折，意识到不能一味地把社会变革的希望寄托在特定政治团体之上，而应该立足于自身，通过自身的改变，来获取在社会当中自由生存下去的能力。这也说明安部在文学思想上达到了成熟。最后在第五章进行总结,“兽”在“共同体”当中面临各种困境,而从“共同体”逃脱之时又面临新的困境,这种矛盾其实也是最大的困境。在对“兽"的困境进行处理的过程中,安部不断地寻找克服困境的方法,在不断的挫折中一步步走向成熟。
[Abstract]:Abe's literary works, through the exploration of the post-war Japanese life style. The growth process of the writer's life is full of twists and turns, a long time can not settle down, the spiritual world is full of frustration and confusion. This makes many characters appear in his literary works is always restless, unstable situation, but on the other hand, but also created a variety of safety literature techniques, so that he does not rigidly adhere to the same kind of literary forms, constantly seeking change, gradually formed its own unique and mature literary type. The thought and writing techniques have reached a certain height and level < > female sand marks the advent of security department in the literature on mature, but before this, he has experienced growth and change process in a series of literature creation, in order to explore the actual situation and the mechanism of this process, we can from the beast" The viewpoint is discussed. Research on the Security Department of literary techniques change, some from the colonial experience point of view, some are discussed from the "fugitive" behavior perspective. Other scholars criticized the Ministry of public security community in the literature were studied. This paper from the perspective of "the beast" the fate of the track, explore abekoubou early in the novel "beast" Dilemma and ANN of the "beast" arrangement, reveals the changes of abekoubou literary and ideological state, further analysis of the gradually mature change trajectory. In the early part of the novel. Among many a "beast" image, on the surface, the "beast" is a metaphor, but Abe "beast" to instill more meaning, the "beast" as a modern society constantly alienated, continue to flee the real life The existing state of the template. His early novels that have different experiences of the hero, can be seen as the "beast" in different story appeared. First within the framework of the study, about abekoubou literature in the "beast" image research, focused on the deformation technique from surrealism angle of deformation as the "beast" after the survival of the state are analyzed. The focus of this paper is that through the analysis of abekoubou's early novels in the "beast" dilemma, explore the use of abekoubou in depicting the "beast" dilemma when literary techniques and state of mind, and then reveals the writer is growing mature process. The article "beast" predicament, combine with the "community" discussion, take the method of research and analysis of the text data, finally summarized, the conclusion is drawn. This thesis intends to explore the "beast" dilemma from two aspects, one is the "beast" in the "community", another is "the beast" from the "community" escape. These two directions correspond to changes in ideology and literary techniques of abekoubou. The first chapter of this paper introduction part, mainly introduces abekoubou's argument in this article, the research background, research purpose and methods; the second chapter of the keywords "beast", "community" to explain, explain feasibility study from the viewpoint of the "beast", in order to pave the way for the following discussion; the third chapter discusses is facing when the "beast" in the "community" in the dilemma. The third chapter is divided into three levels to explore, in the first stage debut, Abe is mainly influenced by the western literature and philosophy, especially the influence of existentialism, in writing On the traditional novels in detention, description of the use of a large number of monologues and psychological activities, give a person a kind of helpless emptiness; secondly in the works of < > wall stage, Kobo Abe Kada Kiyoshiki accepted the avant-garde art theory, a new breakthrough in writing. He will be the hero by way of deformation of alienation to expose the owner the public, while the "community" understanding more in-depth. In order to illustrate the "beast" in the "community" of the Ministry of security dilemma, especially points out that the "community" to the "beast" rule and management, the name, title and some for individual social symbol is added to the original free the "beast" in the body, and only the value of these had just accessory symbols, once lost the "beast", its existence has lost the "community" and "community" has been recognized, the punishment Finally in the sand. < > female stage, Abe to face reality, to construct a reality of the village community, let the "beast" and "community" and "community" comprehensive confrontation, oppression of the "beast" is more specific and significant. It can be seen that the security department in the creation of "female sand >, becomes more mature. The fourth chapter is the discussion when the" beast "from the" community "to escape when facing a new dilemma. This chapter also from three aspects in detail. First in the first stage, although the" beast "from the original" community ", but in another" community ". The" World War II "has just ended, he thought very pessimistic, full of despair and emptiness. Secondly in the works of < > wall stage, he let the hero to change, let the hero temporarily get some free And the stability of the space, but the "red cocoon hero > finally get rid of manipulated the fate of. although the protagonist turned to the wall, but the wall itself contains dangerous shackles of freedom, so the future is still full of uncertainties. Finally in < > sand female stage. Although the hero escape plan failed, but in the end through the existing knowledge, invented a device can get distilled water in the desert, so as to get the courage to live. This phase of the safety department suffered setbacks in political activities, to realize the social change can not blindly hope on a particular political group, but should be based on their own, through their own change, to obtain the ability to survive in the society of freedom. This also shows that Abe in the thought of literature has reached maturity. Finally summarized in the fifth chapter, the" beast "in "Community" faced with various difficulties, and from the "community" escape again when facing a new dilemma, this contradiction is actually the biggest dilemma. The process in the "beast" dilemma, he is constantly looking for ways to overcome the difficulties, the constant setbacks in a step by step toward maturity.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.074

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