从黑人男性形象再读《紫色》的妇女主义思想

发布时间：2018-01-15 09:43

本文关键词：从黑人男性形象再读《紫色》的妇女主义思想　出处：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：艾丽丝·沃克的代表作《紫色》一出版即成为畅销小说，轰动全美评论界，并于次年获得普利策奖、美国全国图书奖和全国书评家协会奖。小说围绕主人公西丽的成长历程，塑造了一个典型的在男权社会中寻求自我身份的黑人女性形象。本文以小说中的黑人男性形象为分析焦点，从作者的妇女主义思想角度对其进行了研究。《紫色》首先在内容创作上就有别于传统黑人女性作家的作品。该书信体小说是一部从妇女主义视角进行创作的成长型作品。“妇女主义”（womanism）一词最早出现于小说作者沃克的《寻找我们母亲的花园：妇女主义文论》散文集中，旨在与女性主义(feminism)区分开来。沃克将“妇女主义者”（womanist）定义为“有色人种的女性主义者”，是“宇宙主义者”，其目的是“致力于整个人类的生存与完整，包括男人和女人”，建立男性与女性的和谐关系。基于此理论思想，沃克塑造了一个个鲜明的妇女主义者形象。对沃克及其《紫色》的研究可谓汗牛充栋，，但大多研究均围绕女性寻求自我身份和最终的解放、黑人英语、黑人女性间的姐妹情谊、叙事策略和小说形式及同性恋等问题。对小说中黑人男性形象的研究主要来自黑人男性批评者和女性主义批评者，大多认为沃克对男性人物的描述过于残暴，过于否定而表现出人物形象的不真实性。此类批评者认为，这是沃克对黑人男性的污蔑和诋毁，歪曲了黑人社区的本来面目。虽有个别评论对文中男性形象持一定的肯定态度，但也未能深入地将其与作者的妇女主义思想相联系。然而，从小说黑人男性形象的视角出发，通过解读黑人男性的成长历程及分析小说中的正面男性形象，读者更能品味出沃克的妇女主义思想及其精髓。本文在前人研究的基础上论述了《紫色》中的黑人男性形象与妇女主义思想的内在联系，对书中的男性人物及作者的妇女主义思想赋予了新的内涵。本文认为：沃克虽然对作品中的反面男性人物进行了尖刻的批评，但同时也给予了他们妇女主义的人文关怀。黑人与男性的“双重身份”赋予他们加害者与受害者的双重角色。小说中由恶转善的黑人男性形象阐释了沃克妇女主义思想的终极目标，即“致力于整个人类的生存与完整，包括男人和女人”，以此建立和谐的男女关系及和谐社区。小说中正面的男性形象则描绘了沃克妇女主义思想中理想的黑人男性形象，这也是沃克对全体黑人男性所怀的希望。总之，沃克的妇女主义思想除了传达对黑人女性的赞美之外，也同样对黑人男性给予人道主义的关怀与期望。对黑人男性形象的妇女主义分析解读，无疑能帮助读者加深对妇女主义思想深刻内涵的理解，对作者沃克笔下的男性形象的新的认识。本文作者希望藉此为理解和分析沃克其他作品中的黑人男性形象及其妇女主义思想提供新的视角和方法。
[Abstract]:Alice Walker's masterpiece, Purple, became a best-selling novel as soon as it was published, sparking the nation's critics and winning the Pulitzer Prize the following year. The National Book Award and the National Association of Book reviewers Award. The novel revolves around the protagonist's growing up. This paper focuses on the black male image in the novel and studies it from the perspective of the author's feminism. Purple is different from traditional black female writers in content creation. The epistolary novel is a growing work created from the perspective of feminism. The term womanism first appeared in the prose collection of the novel author Walker, "looking for our Mother's Garden: a Literary Theory of womanism". Designed to distinguish it from feminism, Walker defines "womanistist" as a "feminist of color" and a "cosmalist". Its purpose is to "devote to the existence and integrity of the whole human being, including men and women", and establish a harmonious relationship between men and women. Based on this theoretical thought, Walker molds a vivid image of womanists. The study of Walker and his Purple is a great deal, but most of the studies focus on the search for self-identity and ultimate liberation of women, black English, and sisterhood among black women. The study of black male image in the novel mainly comes from black male critics and feminist critics, most of whom think that Walker's portrayal of male characters is too brutal. Such critics argue that Walker is slandering and vilifying black men. It distorts the true face of the black community. Although there are some comments on the male image of the text, it does not have a deep connection with the author's feminism. From the perspective of the black male image in the novel, the readers can taste Walker's feminism and its essence by interpreting the growth process of the black man and analyzing the positive male image in the novel. On the basis of previous studies, this paper discusses the inner relationship between the black male image in Purple and the thought of feminism. This paper gives a new connotation to the masculine characters and the author's feminism in the book. Walker, though, criticizes the negative male characters in his work. But it also gives them the humanistic care of feminism. The "dual identity" of Black and male. They are given the dual roles of the victimizer and the victim. The black male image of evil turns into good in the novel which explains the ultimate goal of Walker's feminism. That is, "dedicated to the survival and integrity of the entire human race, including men and women". The positive male image in the novel depicts the ideal black male image in Walker's feminism, which is also Walker's hope for all black men. In a word, Walker's feminism thought not only conveys praise to black women, but also gives humanitarian care and expectation to black men. Undoubtedly, it can help readers to deepen their understanding of the profound connotation of feminism. The author of this paper hopes to provide a new perspective and method for understanding and analyzing the black male images and their feminist thoughts in Walker's other works.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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