论威尔斯《托诺—邦盖》中社会角色的失范

发布时间：2018-03-31 13:47

本文选题：赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯　切入点：《托诺-邦盖》　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯是爱德华时期最杰出的现实主义小说家之一。出版于1909年的《托诺-邦盖》通常被认为是他最优秀的一部社会小说。该作品通过讲述假药“托诺-邦盖”的兴衰，刻画了19世纪后期新兴资产阶级奢靡的物质生活和贫瘠的精神生活状态，展现了英国资本主义商品经济下物欲横流的时代特征。近年来，《托诺-邦盖》逐渐受到国内批评界的关注，但鲜有人从人物的社会角色方面对其进行研究。结构角色理论是角色理论的流派之一。它认为，“角色”的含义包括社会对角色行为模式的期待和规定，即角色期待和角色规范。由于社会的不断发展和变革，人们在角色扮演的过程中会遇到各种障碍和问题，因而引发角色失范。“失范”一词由法国社会学家涂尔干提出，意指与道德规范不一致的社会现象。在社会转型时期,破碎的社会价值体系使得约束个人行为的道德规范逐渐松弛，人们在角色扮演的过程中出现了与角色期待和角色规范不一致的行为，并最终导致了社会角色的失范。将角色理论和失范概念相结合来解读文学作品《托诺-邦盖》，可以更加透彻地剖析小说中不同人物角色的行为与英国社会转型时期历史语境的互动关系。本文以失范为关键词，把小说中三位不同人物所代表的三种社会角色作为研究对象，探析了处在世纪之交的知识分子、家庭妇女和商人的失范行为，进而勾勒出当时的社会状况。在对前人的研究成果进行了梳理并简要地介绍了理论背景后，正文首先分析了知识分子对自身社会责任的背弃。乔治原本充满理想与抱负，却最终妥协于金钱至上的社会现实。知识没能帮助他改造自身与社会，反而演变成为他牟取私利的工具。其次探讨了家庭妇女婚姻价值观的扭曲。玛丽恩把物质条件作为选择婚姻对象的唯一标准。在承担“妻子”角色时，她缺乏家庭责任感。家庭不再是慰藉心灵的情感港湾，而是承载玛丽恩无尽虚荣的驿站。最后阐述了商人对商业道德的无视。药店老板爱德华被金钱蒙蔽了双眼，，他忽略商人理应遵守的商业道德规范，通过坑蒙拐骗和投机取巧成就他的商业帝国。他身上所反映的商业道德折射出了当时整个社会的道德状况。结论部分阐明，《托诺-邦盖》中由人物形象体现的社会角色失范和当时的社会现实之间存在道德伦理与物质利益的关系。通过解析此种关系，小说不仅表达了威尔斯对转型时期担任特定角色的中下层人士的精神困境、道德危机的深刻反思，更揭示了道德规范对个人和社会发展的深远影响。
[Abstract]:Herbert George Wells is one of the most prominent realistic novelists of the Edward era. Published in 1909, Tono-Bongo is generally considered to be his best social novel. It is written by telling the story of counterfeit medicine. The rise and fall of Tono Bongo, Depicting the extravagant material life and barren state of spiritual life of the emerging bourgeoisie in the late 19th century, In recent years, Tono-Bongo has gradually attracted the attention of the domestic critics, but few people have studied the characters from their social roles. The theory of structural role is one of the schools of role theory. It holds that the meaning of "role" includes the expectation and regulation of the behavior pattern of the role, that is, the expectation of the role and the regulation of the role. People will encounter various obstacles and problems in the process of role-playing, thus causing the role to be out of the norm. The term "anomie" was put forward by the French sociologist Durkheim, which means a social phenomenon inconsistent with moral norms. In the period of social transformation, The broken social value system makes the moral code of restricting individual behavior relax gradually, and people appear the behavior which is inconsistent with the role expectation and the role norm in the process of role-playing. Finally, it led to the anomie of social role. Combining the theory of role with the concept of anomie to interpret the literary works "Tono-Bongo", we can more thoroughly analyze the behavior of the different characters in the novel and the transformation of the British society. The interaction of historical context. Based on the study of the three kinds of social roles represented by three different characters in the novel, this paper analyzes the abnormal behavior of intellectuals, housewives and businessmen at the turn of the century. After combing the previous research results and briefly introducing the theoretical background, the text first analyzes the intellectuals' rejection of their own social responsibility. George was originally full of ideals and aspirations. But finally compromise to the social reality of money supreme. Knowledge failed to help him to transform himself and society, It turned out to be a tool for his personal gain. Secondly, it discusses the distortion of the marital values of housewives. Marion regards material conditions as the only criterion for choosing the object of marriage. In the role of "wife", Marion takes on the role of "wife". She lacked a sense of family responsibility. The family was no longer an emotional haven to comfort the soul, but a stage for Marion's endless vanity. Finally, she explained the businessman's disregard for business ethics. Edward, the drugstore owner, was blinded by money. He ignored the business ethics that businessmen were supposed to follow, His business empire was achieved by deception and opportunism. The business morality reflected in him reflected the moral state of the whole society at that time. The conclusion part states that the society embodied by the characters in Tono-Bongo. There is a relationship between moral ethics and material interests between the anomie of the role and the social reality of the time. The novel not only expresses Wells' spiritual predicament and moral crisis in the transition period, but also reveals the profound influence of moral norms on personal and social development.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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