“生态大我”与生态批评的构建

发布时间：2018-04-21 20:52

本文选题：生态大我 + 生态批评　；参考：《北京大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：从1978年生态批评诞生以来,全球范围内的生态批评研究日趋广泛而深入。本文写作主要基于对以下问题的思考：一是生态批评理论基础薄弱的现状；二是深层生态学的困境；三是对现代人时空感知变异的反思。本文以“生态大我”概念为切入点,借鉴生态心理学、文学修辞学等学科的相关成果,采用文本细读方法,选取四位代表性生态批评家的重要论著作为解析对象,研究“生态大我”观念与生态批评的互动关系,关注“生态大我”对生态批评话语的潜在影响,试图论证“生态大我”可以成为一种比较坚实的哲学基础,将生态批评领域各种混杂的主题统一起来,从而推动生态批评健康发展。另一方面,本文也试图从生态批评实践中吸取合理元素,对深层生态学“生态大我”进行丰富和深化。绪论交待选题缘由、相关概念、国内外相关研究的主要状况及本文的方法论与基本构架。第一章“‘生态大我’是什么?”集中讨论“生态大我”的工作性定义。“生态大我”概念根源于深层生态学“生态大我”,是挪威哲学家阿伦·奈斯于1973年提出来的。它旨在提出一种对小我的超越,臻达一种容纳天地万物的“大我”境界。之后,众多深层生态学者对之进行了发展和修正。本文认为“生态大我”是与外界认同的范式,是自我与他者的认同模式,这里的他者不仅包含自然,还应包含社会。“生态大我”应该同时具备与他者认同的深度和广度。本章还将论证“生态大我”与冯友兰的人生境界论、马斯洛的自我实现论、杜维明的同心圆模式等之间的关系。第二章“斯洛维克：寻找自我的专注意识”,分析美国生态批评家斯洛维克《寻找美国自然文学的生态意识》中的“生态大我”意识。斯洛维克的生态批评以人为主题,从心理学角度分析自然文学作家不仅是自然的品鉴者,更是人类心灵的研习者,是文学心理师。这种专注意识体现在自然文学独特的叙述模式中。本章尝试提炼专注意识的“生态大我”内涵之一：即对他者的深度专注。第三章“布伊尔：培养自我的环境想象”,分析美国生态批评家劳伦斯·布伊尔三部生态批评著作《环境的想象》、《为了危险的世界而写作》和《环境批评的未来》中的“生态大我”模式。本章将论证自我的认同模式贯穿在这三部著作之中。在这三部作品中,布伊尔提出了“主动放弃的美学”、“分水岭美学”、地方体验时空一体模式等理论；致力于对认同对象的拓展,力求将生态批评发展过程中出现的人类中心主义和生态中心主义的分歧进行调和,体现出自我认同的广度和动态特征。第四章“马歇尔：建构‘生态大我’的人格”,分析美国生态批评家马歇尔《高峰体验》、《瓦尔登湖中的俳句时刻》等生态批评文本中对自我实现者的人格分析。马歇尔运用了心理学家马斯洛需求层次论,尤其是其晚年超越性需求理论对自然文学进行分析,认为自然在高峰体验中有着重要的作用。马歇尔通过阐释自然文学文本中的自我实现时刻,定性地分析并总结了若干生态人格特征本章尝试在马歇尔生态批评文本基础上提炼出“生态大我”人格特征：“生态大我”的时空超越性、“生态大我”的感恩精神、“生态大我”的“初心”境界。第五章“海斯：呼唤自我的宇宙意识”.分析美国生态批评家海斯在《地方感和全球感》中提出的“生态宇宙主义”。海斯在全球化和多元文化的新语境中集中批判了生态批评中僵化的田园传统和荒野情结,并通过对一些不同于传统自然文学的文本,如现代科幻小说、纪录片、装置艺术等进行分析,建构出生态宇宙主义。生态宇宙主义是在全球化语境中一种新型的地方体验范式,是在布伊尔提出的“地方体验时空一体模式”基础上更大胆的思想实验,该实验指明了自我认同的无限广度。结语“走向成熟的‘生态大我”,提出生态批评与“生态大我”有着广阔的互动和共赢的前景。“生态大我”将突出生态批评的问题意识,强化其理论基础,并推进深层生态学“生态大我”的研究。两者以其各自的优势将合力探寻人性能达的境界,通过生态话语为新的自我命名,那就是在新的语境中建构更为成熟的生态大我,从而为人类走出生态危机探索一条更加深刻而合理的道路。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of ecological criticism in 1978, the global ecological criticism is becoming more and more extensive and deep. This paper is mainly based on the thinking of the following problems: first, the weak basis of the theory of ecologic criticism; two is the dilemma of deep ecology; three is the reflection on the temporal and spatial variability of the modern people. This article is based on the "ecological big me" The concept is the breakthrough point. Using the relevant achievements of the ecological psychology and literary rhetoric, the paper selects the important works of four representative ecological critics as the analytic object by using the text fine reading method, and studies the interactive relationship between the concept of "ecological big ego" and the ecological criticism, and pays attention to the potential influence of "ecological big me" to the ecologic criticism discourse. It is an attempt to demonstrate that "ecological big me" can be a solid philosophical basis, to unify a variety of mixed themes in the field of ecological criticism, and to promote the healthy development of ecological criticism. On the other hand, this article also tries to absorb the rational elements from the practice of ecocriticism and enrich and deepen the "ecological big ego" in the deep ecology.
The introduction explains the reasons for choosing the topic, the related concepts, the main research situation at home and abroad, and the methodology and basic framework of this article.
The first chapter "what is the ecological big ego"? "Focus on the working definition of the" ecological big ego ". The concept of" ecological big ego "is rooted in the deep ecology" ecological big ego ", which was proposed by the Norway philosopher Alan Ness in 1973. It aims to put forward a kind of" big ego "to accommodate the heaven and earth. After that, many deep ecological scholars have developed and revised them. This article holds that "ecological big me" is a paradigm of identity with the outside world, the identity of self and the other, and the others not only contain nature, but also include society. "The ecological big ego" should be prepared with the depth and breadth of the others to identify with others. The relationship between "ecological big ego" and Feng Youlan's theory of realm of life, Maslow's self actualization theory and Du Weiming's concentric circle mode.
The second chapter, "slovick: looking for the consciousness of self", analyses the American Ecological critic slovick's ecological consciousness of seeking the ecological consciousness of American natural literature. Slovick's ecological criticism is a human subject. The analysis of natural literature from the perspective of psychology is not only a natural tasting person, but also a human heart. The spiritual trainer is a literary psychologist. This focus is embodied in the unique narrative pattern of natural literature. This chapter attempts to refine one of the intension of the "ecological big ego" that focuses on consciousness: the depth of attention to the other.
The third chapter, "burr: the Environmental Imagination of cultivating self", analyzes the three eco critical works of Lawrence Buil, an ecological critic of the United States, "the imagination of the environment", "writing for the dangerous world" and "the future of Environmental Criticism". This chapter will prove that my identity model runs through these three works. In these three works, he puts forward the theory of "the aesthetic of the initiative", the "watershed aesthetics", the spatial and temporal integration of local experience, and the development of the object of identification, and seeks to reconcile the differences between the anthropocentrism and the ecoccentrism in the development of ecologic criticism and embody the self identity. Breadth and dynamic characteristics.
The fourth chapter, "Marshall: constructs the personality of" the ecological big ego ", analyzes the personality analysis of the self actualization in the ecologic criticism text, such as the American eco critic Marshall < the peak experience > the haiku moment in Walden Lake >. Marshall uses the psychologist Maslow demand level theory, especially in his late years' transcendent demand theory. The analysis of natural literature holds that nature plays an important role in the peak experience. By explaining the time of self realization in the text of natural literature, Marshall qualitatively analyzed and summed up several ecological personality characteristics in this chapter, trying to extract "ecological big ego" personality characteristics on the basis of Marshall's ecologic criticism text: "ecological big" The transcendence of my time and space, the spirit of gratitude of "ecological big ego", and the "initial heart" realm of "ecological big self".
The fifth chapter, "Hays: the consciousness of the universe calling for self". Analysis of "ecological cosmology" proposed by American Ecological critic Hays in the sense of "local and global". Hays criticizes the rigid pastoral tradition and wild complex in the new context of globalization and multiculturalism, and through some different from the traditional self The text of literature, such as modern science fiction, documentary, and installation art, has been analyzed to construct the ecological cosmology. Ecocosmism is a new type of local experience paradigm in the context of globalization. It is a more bold thought experiment on the basis of "the spatial and temporal pattern of local experience" put forward by Ba. I agree with the infinite breadth.
"The conclusion" goes to the mature "ecological big me", and puts forward that ecological criticism and "ecological big me" have a broad interaction and win-win prospects. "Ecological big I" will highlight the problem consciousness of ecological criticism, strengthen its theoretical basis, and promote the research of "ecological big ego" in deep ecology. Both of them will seek human nature with their respective advantages. The realm of energy is a new self naming through Ecological Discourse, which is to construct a more mature ecological big man in the new context, so as to explore a more profound and reasonable way for mankind to go out of the ecological crisis.

【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.06

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