济慈长诗中的希腊神话和英国元素

发布时间：2018-04-21 21:04

本文选题：济慈 + 希腊神话　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：济慈从少年时期就开始关注并阅读古希腊神话方面的书籍,这种热爱一直贯穿他的青年时代。《恩狄弥翁》、《许佩里翁:片段》、《拉米亚》三首长诗既是济慈理解和运用希腊神话进行创作的典范,也是济慈长诗中的精品。济慈生前展望自己死后将跻身英国伟大诗人之列,并把成名的希望寄托到长诗的创作上,所以对长诗的研究和挖掘是全面解读济慈的必须。《恩狄弥翁》是济慈诗作中最长的一首,诗人以《古典词典》中狄安娜与恩狄弥翁的爱情故事为引子,创作了恩狄弥翁追求并获得圆满爱情的罗曼司。济慈模仿《奥德赛》的双线结构为《恩狄弥翁》设置了双主题,即作者济慈的理想和恩狄弥翁的爱情;情节安排上,恩狄弥翁在历险中遇到的三段爱情故事在古希腊神话中原本与恩狄弥翁没有交集,诗中三对情侣的故事促成了恩狄弥翁思想的升华;形象塑造上,济慈为月神设计了三个名字四张面孔,对恩狄弥翁的形象和性格进行了补充和创新。济慈将《恩狄弥翁》的整个故事背景放在了英格兰的氛围之下,诗中的自然环境、花鸟虫鱼都具有典型的英格兰特色,诗人还在爱情主题之外加入了自己的诗歌理想和对祖国前景的展望。《许佩里翁:片段》是济慈创作史诗体裁的首次尝试。济慈以赫西俄德《神谱》中奥林波斯神战胜并囚禁提坦神为故事原型订立了自己的新“神谱”和朝代更迭规则,并把阿波罗作为约夫的继任者。诗中济慈有把自己和阿波罗混同的迹象,此外,萨图恩和许佩里翁都可以找到现实和文学原型,济慈还在诗中加入了一些古希腊神话中原本没有的人物并赋予其独特含义。《拉米亚》是一首爱情诗,这首诗是济慈作品中既叫好又叫座的一部。除了借鉴《忧郁的剖析》中拉米亚与里修斯的爱情悲剧,济慈还以奥维德《变形记》中的故事为原型加入了拉米亚与赫尔墨斯的交易、赫尔墨斯和林中仙女的爱情。在神话演绎之外,济慈为诗歌加入了树林中神灵的更替、使天使折翼的哲学这样表达作者个人理想和思想的观点和论述。三首诗除了都是希腊神话背景,还具有一个共同点:诗中济慈都直接或间接地表达了自己的诗歌理想和国家梦想。个人方面,济慈想成为阿波罗的追随者,或更直接,成为诗神和预言之神阿波罗本人;国家方面,济慈认为英国诗歌将超越古希腊文学占据世界文林,英国也将作为海上强国而崛起。天假以年,济慈不但可能日趋保守,他或将成为一个帝国事业的支持和歌颂者。
[Abstract]:Keats has been following and reading books on ancient Greek mythology since he was a teenager. This love runs through his youth. The three long poems of Emdimion, Sheperon: fragments, Ramia are not only Keats's model of understanding and using Greek mythology, but also the masterpieces of Keats's long poems. Keats looked forward to his death as one of Britain's great poets, and pinned his hopes for fame on the creation of long poems. Therefore, the study and excavation of long poems is the necessity of a comprehensive interpretation of Keats. < Endymie > is the longest of Keats's poems, and the poet is led by the love story of Diana and Endignon in the Classical Dictionary. Romance, who created Endymion's pursuit of and complete love. Keats imitates the twofold structure of "Odyssey" and sets two themes for "Endymion", that is, the author's ideal and Endymion's love; in the arrangement of the plot, The three love stories Endimignon encountered in the adventure were not intersected with Endimignon in ancient Greek mythology. The stories of the three lovers in the poem contributed to the sublimation of Endignon's thought; the image was shaped. Keats designed three names and four faces to complement and innovate the image and character of Endymion. Keats puts the whole story of Endymion in the atmosphere of England. The natural environment of the poem, the flowers, birds, insects and fish, are typical of England. In addition to the theme of love, the poet also adds his poetic ideals and prospects for the future of the motherland. < Xu Perion: fragments > is Keats's first attempt at writing epic genres. Keats' Herzod God defeated and imprisoned Titan as the archetype of the story and established his own new "divine spectrum" and the rules of dynasty change, and took Apollo as his successor. Keats shows signs of mixing himself with Apollo in the poem, and Saittun and Shepperon can both find realistic and literary archetypes. Keats also adds to the poem some characters from ancient Greek mythology and gives them a unique meaning. < Ramia > is a love poem, which is one of Keats' works that is both popular and popular. In addition to drawing on the tragic love between Ramia and Litheus in the dissection of melancholy Keats uses the story of Oweid as the prototype of the deal between Ramia and Hermes and the love between Hermes and the fairy in the woods. In addition to mythological deduction, Keats joined the replacement of gods in the woods for poetry, so that the philosophy of angel wings expressed the author's personal ideals and ideas. Apart from the Greek mythological background, the three poems have one thing in common: Keats expresses his poetic ideal and national dream directly or indirectly. On the personal side, Keats wanted to be a follower of Apollo, or more directly, Apollo himself, the god of poetry and prophecy; on the national side, Keats believed that English poetry would occupy the world's literary forests beyond ancient Greek literature. Britain will also rise as a maritime power. Not only may Keats become more conservative, he may become a supporter and eulogist of an empire.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.072

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