论芥川龙之介创作的怀疑主义倾向

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:45

本文选题：芥川龙之介 + 怀疑主义　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：芥川龙之介是日本大正时期文坛上的代表者，被称为“鬼才”的传奇作家，在短篇小说领域拥有很高的成就，其小说内涵丰富多样，技巧纯熟精炼。但是在1927年，这位正当盛年的作家却用自杀的方式结束了自己的生命。芥川龙之介在《小说作法十则》的附记中曾经说过：“我对任何事物都是一个怀疑主义者。”1他的不少作品中都体现出了怀疑主义的色彩。芥川龙之介的文学创作既深受日本和中国的古典文化熏陶，很大程度上也受到了西方的哲人和文学家们的影响，他的创作与西方的现代主义作家们的思想有很多相通之处，怀疑主义思想便是其中一处。这是芥川龙之介的人生经历和他所处的时代特点决定的。本篇论文从三个方面分析芥川龙之介作品中表现出来的怀疑主义倾向。第一，怀疑论是对客观真相可知性的怀疑，这样它得到的结论就是不可知论。芥川龙之介的代表作《竹林中》就是诠释不可理论的经典之作，一件凶杀案，七位叙述人各持己见，莫衷一是，事实的真相永远不得而知。在芥川的作品中我们看到，人类的理性不仅不能维持人们对道德标准的遵守，同样也不能帮助我们认识到世界的真理，这样理性的权威就被消解了。在小说《龙》、《秋山图》、《西乡隆盛》中都有这种观点的表达。第二，芥川龙之介作品中一个贯穿始终的主题就是对人性之恶的揭露，对传统道德的怀疑。他采用不同的主题和素材批判讽刺当时的日本人的道德沦丧，他的作品中不仅揭露了那些杀人犯和盗贼的复杂心理，还描写了那些平常生活中被视作善良的人们的阴暗心理，在芥川笔下我们看到了这些普通的人们的种种私欲和龌龊黑暗的心理。人类的传统道德标准和理性已经不能约束我们去约束自己的行为，而那些没有做恶事的人们仅仅是因为没有处在危及自己利益的情况下，，一旦利益遭到威胁，他们一定克制不了自己的私欲。在这类题材中，芥川还表现出一种观点，就是对人的本性是善还是恶的态度。皮浪的怀疑论的一个特点就是搁置争议，不做判断，任何极端的肯定或否定的回答都是不对的。芥川虽然极力揭露人性之恶，但是也满怀对善的憧憬，他也从未对人的本性如何的问题做过极端的回答，他认为善恶是相承而不是相反的,人性是具有两面的，无从判断是单纯的善还是纯粹的恶。第三，怀疑论在宗教上的表现就是对宗教原则的质疑，在西方哲学史上，大卫．休谟是这方面的先驱者，基督教也是芥川龙之介作品中贯穿始终的主题之一，他的一生也与基督教密不可分。但是芥川对基督教却始终是抱着怀疑和审视的态度的，从最开始的谨慎的好奇，到最后彻底的否定和绝望。芥川龙之介没有像休谟一样对基督教的宗教原则进行批判反驳，他对宗教的关注是源于他对现实人生关心，对基督教的态度正好印证着他对人生的态度，最后他彻底放弃对宗教世界的希望，也同时放弃了自己对人生的期望。怀疑主义理论对于哲学的发展有利有弊，既会让哲学家们陷入难解的悖论命题中，有时却能推动哲学思想的推陈出新。但是怀疑主义的态度之于芥川龙之介，虽然使其对人性和社会现实始终保持着敏锐和批判的态度，却让他最终陷入了对人生的绝望。但是他在短暂的文学生涯中遗留下来的的众多优秀的作品，和他不断探求、思考社会和人生和艺术的态度，都是给后世留下的巨大财富。
[Abstract]:In 1927 , the famous author of the famous literary world ended his life with a suicide . But in 1927 , the author of the proper year ended his life in a suicide way . In 1927 , the author of his famous novel wrote : " I am a doubt about anything , " he wrote in a note of the 19th century . " I am skeptical of anything . "

The literary creation of Erucagawa Longji is influenced by the classical culture of Japan and China . It is also influenced by the western philosophers and the writers . The skepticism is one of the three aspects . The first , the skepticism is the truth about the objective truth . In the works of Mustard , we see that human rationality is not only able to maintain people ' s adherence to moral standards , but also cannot help us to recognize the truth of the world .

Second , a cross - cutting theme in his works is the revelation of the evil of human nature , and doubts about the traditional morality . He uses different themes and materials to criticize the moral collapse of the Japanese people . In his works , he reveals not only the complicated psychology of the murderer and the thief , but also the dark psychology of those who are regarded as good in ordinary life . The traditional moral standards and logos of mankind have not bound us to restrain their own actions , and those who do not do evil are simply because they are not in danger of endangering their own interests . Once the interests are threatened , they must refrain from their own selfish desires .

In this kind of theme , Mustard also shows a view that the human nature is good or evil . One characteristic of the skepticism of the wave is to lay aside the dispute , do not judge , and any extreme positive or negative answer is wrong .

Thirdly , skepticism about religion is the question of the principle of religion , in the history of Western philosophy , David . He is a pioneer in this field , and Christianity is one of the most important themes throughout his life , and his life is inseparable from Christianity . But Mr . Muchuan ' s criticism of Christianity is rooted in his concern about life , his attitude to Christianity coincided with his attitude towards life , and finally he gave up hope of the religious world , and at the same time gave up his expectations of life .

The theory of skepticism is beneficial to the development of philosophy , which will not only let philosophers fall into the paradox proposition of difficult solution , but also push the philosophical thought to be new . But the attitude of skepticism is always keen and critical to human nature and social reality , but he finally gets into the despair of life . But he has inherited many excellent works in his short literary career , and his constantly exploring , thinking about social and life and art are all the great wealth left behind the world .

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.074

【参考文献】