存在主义视角下的《人性的污秽》解读

发布时间：2018-05-27 21:28

本文选题：存在主义 + 荒诞　；参考：《河北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯是美国第三代犹太裔优秀作家，被誉为美国文坛的常青树。他也是美国文学史上在世的最早被封“正典”的当代作家。《人性的污秽》（2000）是罗斯67岁高龄时完成的一部小说，，也是他美国三部曲的最后一部。小说描写了主人公在美国的生存状况和境遇。科尔曼·西尔克是一个浅肤色黑人，为了摆脱种族歧视他不惜背叛种族，与家庭决裂,“变成”一个犹太人步入美国上流社会，成为雅典娜学院的教授和院长，后因一次上课点名被冠以种族主义者罪名，被迫辞职。与清洁工的绯闻又使其遭遇预谋的车祸，最终以白人的身份死去。小说揭示了人的生存状况与困境，体现了存在主义倾向。本文用萨特的存在主义理论来分析《人性的污秽》这部小说。存在主义是法国无神论存在主义者让-保罗·萨特提倡的一种哲学，认为人的基本生存状况是孤独、焦虑和荒诞。但人是绝对自由的，人可以通过自由选择，从而活得精彩。科尔曼就是在荒诞的社会中，追求“存在”的可能性与生存价值，属于存在主义典型人物。《人性的污秽》展现了罗斯对人生存状况和境遇的关注。本文主要分为三章。第一章，分析小说主人公所生存的社会的荒诞性，人们生活的世界杂乱而荒诞。人的存在似乎虚无而无意义。为了摆脱这种生存困境，人们陷入自欺之中。第二章，分析人的焦虑感。在美国，黑人、犹太人和白人之间冲突时有发生。人不可避免地表现出异化和孤独，面临生存危机，感到一种心理平衡的缺失。第三章，主要分析主人公对自由的追求。黑人、犹太人甚至白人为了自由不断地探索，通过对现实的否定和自由的选择以摆脱生存危机，从而获得完美人生。但追求自由需要付出代价。因而主人公也为自己的自由选择带来的后果付出了代价。存在主义视角下的《人性的污秽》解读探讨了黑人、犹太人和白人的生存境遇问题，以及人们对自由存在的渴望和追求。展现了罗斯对人类生存境遇的关注：面临荒谬、焦虑、社会的异化状态，人可以通过各种努力为寻找真正的存在和生存而进行斗争。这种斗争虽充满悲剧色彩，但也透着希望。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross is the third generation Jewish American outstanding writer, known as the evergreen tree of American literature. He is also the earliest living contemporary writer in the history of American literature. "Human obscenity" 2000 is a novel by Ross at the age of 67 and the last of his American trilogy. The novel describes the living conditions and circumstances of the protagonist in the United States. Coleman Silke was a light-skinned black man who, in order to get rid of racial discrimination, betrayed his race, broke with his family and "became" a Jew who entered the upper class of the United States and became professor and dean of Athena College. He was forced to resign after being accused of racism in a class roll call. The affair with the dustman led him to a premeditated car accident and eventually died as a white man. The novel reveals the living condition and predicament of human beings and embodies the existentialism tendency. In this paper, Sartre's existentialism theory is used to analyze the novel "the pollution of Human Nature". Existentialism is a philosophy advocated by Jean-Paul Sartre, a French atheist existentialist, who believes that the basic living conditions of man are loneliness, anxiety and absurdity. But man is absolutely free, he can live a wonderful life through free choice. Coleman, who pursues the possibility and value of existence in the absurd society, belongs to the typical existentialist figure. The filth of human nature shows Ross's concern for the living conditions and circumstances of human beings. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the absurdity of the society in which the protagonist lives, and the world in which people live. Man's existence seems to be nihilistic and meaningless. In order to get rid of this dilemma, people fall into self-deception. The second chapter analyzes people's anxiety. In the United States, conflicts between blacks, Jews and whites occur from time to time. People inevitably show alienation and loneliness, face survival crisis, feel a lack of psychological balance. The third chapter mainly analyzes the protagonist's pursuit of freedom. In order to explore freely, black, Jewish and even white people get out of existence crisis through negation of reality and free choice, so as to get a perfect life. But freedom comes at a price. Thus the protagonist also paid the price for the consequences of his free choice. From the perspective of existentialism, the interpretation of "the filth of Human Nature" explores the living conditions of blacks, Jews and whites, as well as the people's desire and pursuit for the existence of freedom. It shows Ross's concern about human living conditions: facing absurdity, anxiety and social alienation, people can struggle for the real existence and existence through all kinds of efforts. This struggle is full of tragedy, but also full of hope.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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