麦克尤恩小说中人类生存困境解读

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:18

本文选题：麦克尤恩小说 + 人类生存困境　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：麦克尤恩的作品是多维度的,通过细读之后,会发现他是一位有着高度社会责任感的作家,他对人类的生存困境的关注始终如一,笔者认为他是我们这个时代最重要的绘图师。他用美学的形式去挖掘个人、环境、社会、自我之间的相互联系,为我们展现了现代人的生存困境。从中我们可以了解到麦克尤恩对于人类生存状况的反思以及他为探寻出路所做的努力。本文共分五部分：首先是绪论,关于麦克尤恩个人及作品的介绍和作品的研究现状,以及论文选题的意义与研究方法。第一章介绍麦克尤恩的写作对于人类生存困境探索的西方背景,解释西方近现代人类生存困境问题出现的社会原因,以及主要表现。第二章介绍麦克尤恩小说中所展现的近现代人类生存困境,包括人与自然、人与社会、人与人及人与自我这几方面,麦克尤恩分别绘制了自然环境的晦暗图、社会环境的荒漠图和精神空间的废墟图。通过刻画小说中的城市意象来凸显城市对乡村的破坏,城市使人们失去了自然的根基与自然的保护,揭示出人与自然的疏离。人与自然的疏离会影响到人与社会,人与人之间的关系。接下来揭露社会中存在的各种危机,例如：政治的集权化,贫富差距,道德失范以及人际关系恶化等,突出人与社会,人与人疏离的这一问题。人不仅是自然性的存在,也是社会性的存在,精神性的存在。面临人与自然的疏离,人与社会,人与人的疏离,人会产生各种焦虑,没有安全感,在社会上找不到存在感,在精神上得不到满足感,人会产生精神困境,导致人与自身的疏离。第三章,从麦克尤恩的小说中探索造成人类生存困境的原因,由于重视人类生存而忽视自然生存造成生态环境恶化,人与自然关系失衡；由于重视“本我”生存而忽视“他者”生存导致人与人关系失衡；由于重视物质生活而忽视精神生活造成人与自我关系的失衡。第四章,麦克尤恩并不只是停留在揭示生存困境这一层面,而是积极地为人类生存困境探寻出路。在这一章结合原因以便找到解决困境的办法。首先介绍小说中面临生存困境做出不同抉择的探寻者形象,同时也分析了麦克尤恩为解决人类生存困境所指出的光明道路。最后,结语部分。
[Abstract]:McEwan's works are multidimensional. After careful reading, I find that he is a writer with a high sense of social responsibility, and his attention to the plight of human existence is constant. I think he is the most important cartographer of our time. He uses the form of aesthetics to explore the personal, environmental, social, and self-related, showing us the plight of modern people. We can learn about McEwan's reflection on human existence and his efforts to find a way out. This paper is divided into five parts: first, the introduction, the introduction of McEwan's personal and works and the research status of his works, as well as the significance and research methods of the thesis. The first chapter introduces the western background of McEwan's writing to explore the plight of human survival, explains the social reasons for the emergence of the plight of human survival in modern times, and the main performance. The second chapter introduces the plight of modern human existence in McEwan's novels, including man and nature, man and society, man and self. McEwan draws a dark picture of the natural environment. The desert map of the social environment and the ruins of the spiritual space. By depicting the city image in the novel to highlight the destruction of the city to the countryside, the city makes people lose the foundation of nature and the protection of nature, and reveals the alienation between man and nature. The alienation of man from nature will affect the relationship between man and society and between man and man. Then it exposes various crises in the society, such as centralization of politics, gap between rich and poor, moral anomie and deterioration of interpersonal relations, which highlights the problem of people and society, people being alienated from each other. Man is not only the existence of nature, but also the existence of sociality and spirituality. Faced with the alienation of man from nature, between man and society, between man and man, people will produce various kinds of anxiety, insecurity, lack of a sense of existence in society, no sense of spiritual satisfaction, and a spiritual dilemma. Leading to the alienation of human beings from themselves. The third chapter explores the causes of the plight of human existence from McEwan's novels. The ecological environment deteriorates and the relationship between man and nature is out of balance because of attaching importance to human existence and neglecting natural existence. Because of attaching importance to the existence of the "ego" and ignoring the existence of the "other", the imbalance of the relationship between people and themselves is caused by the unbalance of the relationship between people and themselves, and the imbalance of the relationship between people and themselves is caused by the neglect of spiritual life. In the fourth chapter, McEwan does not just stay on the level of revealing the dilemma of existence, but actively seeks a way out for the plight of human existence. Combine the causes in this chapter in order to find a solution to the dilemma. Firstly, the author introduces the image of the seeker who makes different choices in the novel, and analyzes the bright road that McEwan pointed out to solve the human survival dilemma. Finally, the conclusion part.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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