从《诗经》与《荷马史诗》看中西方死亡观之异同
发布时间：2018-11-29 12:30
【摘要】：死亡观是人对死亡的本质、过程、价值和意义的根本看法和基本观点。简言之,死亡观可以理解为人对于死亡的认知和而对死亡的态度；不同的死亡观会导致行为上的差异。死亡的必然性促使人类至少从旧石器时代中期就已经开始思考死亡,而中西方死亡观从早期作品《荷马史诗》与《诗经》中已经得以窥见雏形,两部作品所表现出的死亡观对后世的中西方文化产生了深远影响。 《荷马史诗》展示了公元前十一世纪至九世纪的古希腊文明,是西方最早的文学作品。《诗经》是我国文学的起点,反映公元前十一至六世纪的周工朝文化。二者在时间范围上大致相同,并且均涉及了当时社会生活思想的各个方面,其中不乏有与死亡有关的内容。从时间和内容上看两部作品都有极强的可比性。古今中外有许多学者对这两部作品进行过研究,但儿乎没有人从死亡观的角度对这两部作品进行对比分析。因此本研究通过对比《荷马史诗》与《诗经》中涉及死亡的内容,展现出两部作品蕴含的中西方死亡观,并且最终探寻造成这两种文化死亡观差异的内在原因及其对后世死亡观的影响。 中西方传统文化的差异孕育出各具特色的死亡观。本文第二章分析了《荷马史诗》与《诗经》所体现的中西方死亡观之异同,其中既有积极的死亡观也有消极的死亡观。第三章与第四章分别分析了影响中西方死亡观的因素及其对后世死亡观的影响,特别是从群体本位与个体本位的角度分析了产生差异的原因。群体本位观念是中国传统文化的一大特征,它把个人看成整个社会关系的一个成员,个人价值通过群体认同才能实现,因此群体本位死亡观注重社会性和伦理意义。西方文化则强调个体本位,它把人看成独立个体存在于社会关系之中,群体山个人组成,个人价值通过自己奋斗获得,因此西方的死亡观体现出个体性,强调个人意志。另外,文化的差异还决定了即使在相似的死亡表现下,其死亡内涵是不同的。比如,虽然《荷马史诗》与《诗经》在战争方面都有以战死沙场为荣的死亡观,但是中国文化强调“大义”,而西方文化则是为了追求个人荣誉。 作者希望本文能为两部文学作品的研究拓展思路,并启发人们以积极的态度面对死亡,善待人生。
[Abstract]:The view of death is the basic view of nature, process, value and meaning of death. In short, the view of death can be understood as the cognition of death and attitude towards death; different views of death can lead to differences in behavior. The inevitability of death has prompted mankind to begin to think about death at least from the middle Paleolithic period, while the western and Chinese views of death can be seen in the early works Homer Epic and the Book of songs. The death view of the two works has exerted a profound influence on the Chinese and western cultures of later generations. Homer Epic shows the ancient Greek civilization from the 11th to the ninth century BC and is the earliest literary work in the West. The Book of songs is the starting point of Chinese literature and reflects the Zhou Gong Dynasty culture from the 11th to the sixth century BC. Both of them are about the same in time, and both involve all aspects of social life thought at that time, among which there are some contents related to death. In terms of time and content, the two works have strong comparability. Many scholars have studied the two works in ancient and modern times, but no one has made a comparative analysis of them from the point of view of death. Therefore, by comparing the contents of Homer Epic and the Book of songs involving death, this study shows the views of death in China and the West contained in the two works. Finally, it explores the internal causes of the difference between the two views of death and their influence on the view of death in later generations. The differences between Chinese and Western traditional cultures have given birth to different views of death. The second chapter analyzes the similarities and differences between Homer's Epic and the Book of songs, in which there are both positive and negative views on death. The third chapter and the fourth chapter analyze the factors that influence the death view of China and the west and the influence of death view on later generations, especially from the angle of group standard and individual standard. The concept of group-oriented is one of the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture. It regards the individual as a member of the whole social relationship, and the individual value can be realized only through the group identification. Therefore, the group-based view of death pays attention to the social and ethical significance. The western culture emphasizes the individual standard, it regards the individual as the independent individual in the social relations, the group mountain individual composition, the individual value obtains through own struggle, therefore the western view of death manifests individuality, emphasizes the individual will. In addition, cultural differences also determine that even under similar death performance, its death connotation is different. For example, although Homer Epic and the Book of songs both have a view of death proud of battlefield in the war, Chinese culture emphasizes "great righteousness", while Western culture seeks personal honor. The author hopes that this paper can expand the thinking for the study of two literary works and inspire people to face death positively and be kind to life.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106.2-03
本文编号：2364999
[Abstract]:The view of death is the basic view of nature, process, value and meaning of death. In short, the view of death can be understood as the cognition of death and attitude towards death; different views of death can lead to differences in behavior. The inevitability of death has prompted mankind to begin to think about death at least from the middle Paleolithic period, while the western and Chinese views of death can be seen in the early works Homer Epic and the Book of songs. The death view of the two works has exerted a profound influence on the Chinese and western cultures of later generations. Homer Epic shows the ancient Greek civilization from the 11th to the ninth century BC and is the earliest literary work in the West. The Book of songs is the starting point of Chinese literature and reflects the Zhou Gong Dynasty culture from the 11th to the sixth century BC. Both of them are about the same in time, and both involve all aspects of social life thought at that time, among which there are some contents related to death. In terms of time and content, the two works have strong comparability. Many scholars have studied the two works in ancient and modern times, but no one has made a comparative analysis of them from the point of view of death. Therefore, by comparing the contents of Homer Epic and the Book of songs involving death, this study shows the views of death in China and the West contained in the two works. Finally, it explores the internal causes of the difference between the two views of death and their influence on the view of death in later generations. The differences between Chinese and Western traditional cultures have given birth to different views of death. The second chapter analyzes the similarities and differences between Homer's Epic and the Book of songs, in which there are both positive and negative views on death. The third chapter and the fourth chapter analyze the factors that influence the death view of China and the west and the influence of death view on later generations, especially from the angle of group standard and individual standard. The concept of group-oriented is one of the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture. It regards the individual as a member of the whole social relationship, and the individual value can be realized only through the group identification. Therefore, the group-based view of death pays attention to the social and ethical significance. The western culture emphasizes the individual standard, it regards the individual as the independent individual in the social relations, the group mountain individual composition, the individual value obtains through own struggle, therefore the western view of death manifests individuality, emphasizes the individual will. In addition, cultural differences also determine that even under similar death performance, its death connotation is different. For example, although Homer Epic and the Book of songs both have a view of death proud of battlefield in the war, Chinese culture emphasizes "great righteousness", while Western culture seeks personal honor. The author hopes that this paper can expand the thinking for the study of two literary works and inspire people to face death positively and be kind to life.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106.2-03
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