从他者视角探讨《复活》主人公的人性复活
发布时间：2019-06-26 20:34
【摘要】：列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰1828-1910)的《复活》(1899)是其世界观转变后倾尽十年创作的非常重要的一部长篇小说,通过描写男女主人公的精神“复活”,揭露了黑暗的社会现实,提出了道德完善的主题,是欧洲批判现实主义文学中的一部力作。这部小说体现了托尔斯泰一贯精湛的“心灵辩证法”,尤其是在对男主人公聂赫留朵夫从兽性人到精神人的心理描写中突出了人性善恶变化的复杂程度,为文本解读留下了很大的评论空间。他者理论在西方传统中由来已久,到了20世纪更是在人文学界出现了“他者转向”的思潮。文艺理论界对他者理论的建构贡献良多,从后结构主义到女性主义、后殖民主义都纷纷反对自我与他者之间的暴力性关系。在文学领域,他者理论提供了新的解读策略,来解放文本中被压抑的他者,揭示出人与人之间的隐性暴力,并探索一种相对正确的主体建构方式。所以他者观已成为一个备受关注的人文视角。他者理论纷繁复杂,其中列维纳斯和拉康则独树一帜地从不同的角度系统地论述了自我与他者的关系及主体建构等核心问题。虽然他们所说的主体和他者概念并不完全相同,但是却有相似的“理论指涉”。在列维纳斯看来,主体的诞生源于我是为他者而存在的；而在拉康看来,人总是以他者的眼睛来看自己,以期获得他者认同与建构自我的身份。总而言之,他们的理论表达了自我主体是受到社会上普遍存在的大小写他者的侵凌而走向异化与虚空的,但却总有一特殊的他者令自我意识觉醒并为其而活,因而建立起一个有责任感的人性道德主体。众所周知,对《复活》文本的解读,人们大多是通过对主人公起伏变化的心理状态的阅读与思考,来诠释小说中处于核心地位的“道德问题”,也有从托尔斯泰式的说教中叩问堕落的人性能否通过宗教实现自我救赎等。本论文的独特视角在于运用列维纳斯的“他者”理论和拉康的想象、象征和真实域的理论,从他者外视角和真实域的内视角,来分析与探讨《复活》主人公聂赫留朵夫是如何从一个异化人转变为有主体担当的道德人,并发现他自身的转变实质上是一种自我与他者关系的变化,因此促成其从异化状态中摆脱出来、成为现实域中的真实人,从而体现其人性的复活。本命题研究的启示意义在于促进人们反思自我的生存现状、他者的存在以及与超越的圣性力量的联系,发掘经典作品的道德内涵与人文关怀,使其在后现代的语境下复活。
[Abstract]:The Resurrection of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1899) is a very important novel he wrote ten years after the change of his world outlook. By describing the spiritual "Resurrection" of the hero and heroine, he reveals the dark social reality, puts forward the theme of moral perfection, and is a masterpiece in the critical realism literature of Europe. This novel embodies Tolstoy's always exquisite "Dialectics of the Soul", especially in the psychological description of the hero Nekhludov from the animal to the spiritual, which highlights the complexity of the change of good and evil in human nature, and leaves a lot of room for comment on the interpretation of the text. The theory of the other has a long history in the western tradition, and in the 20th century, the trend of thought of "turn of the other" appeared in the humanities. The theoretical circle of literature and art has contributed a lot to the construction of the theory of the other, from post-structuralism to feminism, post-colonialism has opposed the violent relationship between oneself and the other. In the field of literature, the other theory provides a new interpretation strategy to liberate the suppressed other in the text, reveal the hidden violence between people, and explore a relatively correct way of subject construction. Therefore, the view of the other has become a humanistic perspective that has attracted much attention. The theory of the other is complicated, among which Levinas and Lacan systematically discuss the relationship between themselves and the other and the construction of the subject from different angles. Although the concepts of subject and others are not exactly the same, there are similar theoretical references. In Levinas's view, the birth of the subject originates from my existence for the other, while in Lacan's view, man always looks at himself from the eyes of the other in order to obtain the identity of the other and construct himself. In a word, their theory expresses that the self-subject is invaded by the case and lowercase in the society and moves towards alienation and emptiness, but there is always a special other who awakens and lives for his self-consciousness, so he establishes a responsible moral subject of human nature. As we all know, most of the interpretation of the "Resurrection" text is through the reading and thinking of the protagonist's fluctuating psychological state to interpret the "moral problem" in the novel, and also from Tolstoy's sermon to ask whether the depraved human nature can realize self-redemption through religion, and so on. The unique perspective of this paper is to analyze and explore how the protagonist of Resurrection changed from a alienated person to a moral person with subjective responsibility by using Levinas's theory of "the other" and Lacan's imagination, symbolism and the theory of the real domain, and finds that his own transformation is essentially a change in the relationship between himself and the other. Therefore, it makes it get rid of alienation and become a real person in the real domain, thus reflecting the resurrection of its human nature. The enlightening significance of the study of this proposition lies in promoting people to reflect on the status quo of self-existence, the existence of the other and the relationship with the transcendent holy forces, to explore the moral connotation and humanistic care of classical works, and to resurrect them in the post-modern context.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I512.074
本文编号：2506470
[Abstract]:The Resurrection of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1899) is a very important novel he wrote ten years after the change of his world outlook. By describing the spiritual "Resurrection" of the hero and heroine, he reveals the dark social reality, puts forward the theme of moral perfection, and is a masterpiece in the critical realism literature of Europe. This novel embodies Tolstoy's always exquisite "Dialectics of the Soul", especially in the psychological description of the hero Nekhludov from the animal to the spiritual, which highlights the complexity of the change of good and evil in human nature, and leaves a lot of room for comment on the interpretation of the text. The theory of the other has a long history in the western tradition, and in the 20th century, the trend of thought of "turn of the other" appeared in the humanities. The theoretical circle of literature and art has contributed a lot to the construction of the theory of the other, from post-structuralism to feminism, post-colonialism has opposed the violent relationship between oneself and the other. In the field of literature, the other theory provides a new interpretation strategy to liberate the suppressed other in the text, reveal the hidden violence between people, and explore a relatively correct way of subject construction. Therefore, the view of the other has become a humanistic perspective that has attracted much attention. The theory of the other is complicated, among which Levinas and Lacan systematically discuss the relationship between themselves and the other and the construction of the subject from different angles. Although the concepts of subject and others are not exactly the same, there are similar theoretical references. In Levinas's view, the birth of the subject originates from my existence for the other, while in Lacan's view, man always looks at himself from the eyes of the other in order to obtain the identity of the other and construct himself. In a word, their theory expresses that the self-subject is invaded by the case and lowercase in the society and moves towards alienation and emptiness, but there is always a special other who awakens and lives for his self-consciousness, so he establishes a responsible moral subject of human nature. As we all know, most of the interpretation of the "Resurrection" text is through the reading and thinking of the protagonist's fluctuating psychological state to interpret the "moral problem" in the novel, and also from Tolstoy's sermon to ask whether the depraved human nature can realize self-redemption through religion, and so on. The unique perspective of this paper is to analyze and explore how the protagonist of Resurrection changed from a alienated person to a moral person with subjective responsibility by using Levinas's theory of "the other" and Lacan's imagination, symbolism and the theory of the real domain, and finds that his own transformation is essentially a change in the relationship between himself and the other. Therefore, it makes it get rid of alienation and become a real person in the real domain, thus reflecting the resurrection of its human nature. The enlightening significance of the study of this proposition lies in promoting people to reflect on the status quo of self-existence, the existence of the other and the relationship with the transcendent holy forces, to explore the moral connotation and humanistic care of classical works, and to resurrect them in the post-modern context.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I512.074
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