HIV的噬菌体核酸疫苗的制备及其初步应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 08:11

本文选题：人类免疫缺陷病毒 + 包膜糖蛋白gp120基因　；参考：《第一军医大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：人类免疫缺陷病毒是引起艾滋病的病原体，分为两型，HIV-1和HIV-2，HIV-1在全球范围传播广泛，是艾滋病流行的主要病原体。目前，人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的流行尚处于早期阶段，在未来的二十年内，全世界HIV感染率会明显升高。当前，没有一种预防性疫苗，也没有一种抗逆转录病毒药物对艾滋病流行产生显著的影响。对于发展中国家来说抗逆转录病毒药物价格昂贵，又出于病人对抗逆转录病毒药物的依从性不好，耐药性以及药物的毒性等因素，，限制了抗逆转录病毒药物的广泛使用和疗效。因此，迫切需要一种价格低廉、依从性好、无明显毒性、耐药性小的治疗措施。用于治疗的疫苗也许能够符合这种标准，近年来对亚单位疫苗、多肽疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、重组病毒载体疫苗及核酸疫苗等多种不同的HIV候选疫苗进行了大量的研究。减毒活疫苗虽能诱发一定的体液免疫和细胞免疫，但安全性始终是个大问题。而灭活疫苗和亚单位疫苗在临床人体试验中的效果并不理想。活载体疫苗具有很好的免疫原性，但也存在安全隐患。因此，人们对核酸疫苗寄予厚望，其最大的优点是疫苗抗原在靶细胞内以天然的方式合成、加工并呈递给免疫系统，可以诱发机体产生强大的体液和细胞免疫应答包括Th应答和CTL应答，并且其保护性免疫应答对不同亚型的病
[Abstract]:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pathogen causing AIDS. It is divided into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and HIV-1 is widely spread worldwide. It is the main pathogen of AIDS epidemic. At present, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection is still in the early stage. In the next twenty years, the worldwide rate of HIV infection will rise obviously. There are no antiretroviral drugs that have a significant impact on the epidemic. For developing countries, antiretroviral drugs are expensive, poor compliance with retroviral drugs, drug resistance and drug toxicity are limited to antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low cost, good compliance, no obvious toxicity, and small resistance.
Vaccines for treatment may be consistent with this standard. In recent years, a large number of different HIV candidate vaccines, such as subunit vaccine, polypeptide vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine, virus like particle vaccine, recombinant virus vector vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine, have been extensively studied. The live attenuated vaccine can induce certain humoral immunity and cells. Immune, but safety is always a big problem. Inactivated vaccine and subunit vaccine are not ideal in clinical trials. Live vector vaccines have good immunogenicity, but there are also hidden dangers. Therefore, people have great hopes for nucleic acid vaccines. The greatest advantage is that vaccine antigen is naturally combined in target cells. It is processed and presented to the immune system, which can induce the body to produce strong humoral and cellular immune responses, including Th response and CTL response, and its protective immune response to different subtypes of diseases
【学位授予单位】：第一军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R392

【引证文献】