广西壮族内部遗传结构及线粒体DNA单倍群与巴马长寿的关联研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 17:01

本文选题：Y染色体 + 壮族　；参考：《广西医科大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 壮族是中国最大的少数民族,与东南亚的泰老族群有着密切的关系,在东亚人群的遗传结构研究中地位非常特殊。然而,由于壮民族本身缺乏自己的文字,历经数千年的发展,壮民族内部人群的迁徙融合及交流状况很难在现有的文字资料中体现出来,仅从语言上将壮族人群区分为壮语北部方言组和南部方言组。为了解壮族人群的内部遗传结构,我们从父系遗传Y染色体及母系遗传mtDNA入手,根据东亚人群特异的18个Y-染色体双等位标记,7个Y-STR标记及mtDNA HVSⅠ区对壮族各个支系共八个人群的DNA样本进行DNA测序、限制性长度片段多态酶切、荧光PCR鉴定SNP等实验技术分析及主成份分析、聚类分析、分子方差等详尽的遗传学分析技术,调查了壮族各个支系的DNA多样性,分别确定其Y-SNP、Y-STR、mtDNA单倍群(单倍型),揭示壮族的内部遗传结构。结果发现,壮族的主要Y染色体单倍群为O*, O2a, O1。壮族的遗传结构中有几个层次,最早的O*、O2a成分普遍出现在各个支系中,第二层是由东部来的百越核心成分O1,第三层是北方来的汉族成分O3,与壮族的历史事件和其他人类学研究基本一致;壮族支系遗传结构体现出以红水河支系为中心从东往西的梯度变化过程。传统的对壮族按方言分为南北二组的分类方法在遗传上并没有依据。壮族mtDNA的数据尽管还没有完成详细的分析,但是从其mtDNA单倍群的频率分布来看,壮族也是非常接近百越族群。因此,父系和母系两方面的遗传数据均显示,壮族是典型的东亚南方人群。基本了解壮族人群的遗传结构以后,壮族人群中一些特殊群体如巴马壮族长寿老人的遗传背景即有丰富的对比资料,同时因为这些人群的特殊性也引起了我们的兴趣。由于人类长寿显示明显的母系遗传倾向,而线粒
[Abstract]:Zhuang is the largest minority in China and has a close relationship with the Tai-Lao ethnic group in Southeast Asia. It plays a special role in the study of genetic structure of East Asian population. However, due to the lack of their own characters, and after thousands of years of development, the situation of migration, integration and exchange of people within the Zhuang nationality is very difficult to reflect in the existing written materials. The Zhuang nationality is divided into the northern dialect group and the southern dialect group. In order to understand the internal genetic structure of Zhuang people, we start with patrilineal Y chromosome and matrilineal mtDNA. According to 18 Y- chromosome double allelic markers, 7 Y-STR markers and mtDNA HVS I region, DNA samples from 8 individuals of Zhuang nationality were sequenced. The detailed genetic analysis techniques, such as SNP analysis, cluster analysis, molecular variance analysis and so on, were used to investigate the DNA diversity of various branches of Zhuang nationality. The haploidy (haplotype) of Y-SNPGY-STRN mtDNA was determined respectively to reveal the internal genetic structure of Zhuang nationality. The results showed that the main Y chromosome haploidy groups of Zhuang nationality were Oi, O2a, O1. There are several layers in the genetic structure of Zhuang nationality. The second layer is the core component O1 of Baiyue from the east, the third layer is the Han component O3 from the north, which is basically consistent with the historical events of Zhuang nationality and other anthropological studies. The genetic structure of the Zhuang branch reflects the gradient variation process from east to west with the Hongshui River branch as the center. There is no genetic basis for the traditional classification of Zhuang nationality into two groups according to dialects. Although the data of mtDNA of Zhuang nationality has not been analyzed in detail, the frequency distribution of its mtDNA haploidy population shows that Zhuang nationality is also very close to Baiyue ethnic group. Therefore, both paternal and maternal genetic data show that Zhuang is a typical southern East Asian population. After the basic understanding of the genetic structure of Zhuang population, the genetic background of some special groups, such as the Bama Zhuang people, is rich in comparative data, and the particularity of these groups has also aroused our interest. Because the longevity of human beings shows obvious maternal genetic tendency, and the grain of line
【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R394

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