不同种属哺乳动物眼外肌周围结缔组织结构及功能的初步研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 11:34
【摘要】： 目的 研究灵长类动物与较低等哺乳类动物间眼外肌周围结缔组织形态的异同点，分析这一结构对不同种属动物，特别是对灵长类动物眼球运动机制的影响，以探讨人类眼外肌Pulley对复杂的眼球运动机制及高级视功能的作用。 方法 1．盐酸氯胺酮深度麻醉成年猕猴2只，成年Wistar大鼠、兔及市销家猫各5只，将所有眼眶分离，整体固定，每一动物任选一眼眶行大体解剖，组织学染色眶进行全眶石蜡包埋，冠状位连续切片，相邻切片以Masson三色染色、Weigert染色法分别进行胶原纤维和弹性纤维染色，并以鼠抗平滑肌抗体标记平滑肌。详细观察直肌周围结缔组织的形态、结构及其与眼外肌的组织关系。选取猕猴、兔及Wistar大鼠的所有切片，观察斜肌周围结缔组织的形态、结构及其与眼外肌的组织关系。 2．盐酸氯胺酮深度麻醉成年猕猴1只，成年Wistar大鼠、市销家猫4只。在手术显微镜直视下行近内下侧穹窿部结膜切口，暴露内直肌整个肌腱。向后分离内直肌与眶壁间筋膜及肌间膜至可见到横跨内直肌肌腹的白色结缔组织带，此横带比较致密，用剪刀不易分离。用显微剪刀剪取靠内直肌眶侧与下直肌间厚实白色结缔1×1×1mm~3白色结缔组织块。立即浸入预冷的3％戊二醛中，按常规透射电子显微镜电镜标本处理，制片，分别在不同倍放大镜下观察结缔组织各组织成分的排列形式及超微结构异同；另取相同部位结缔组织块，常规中性福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋，组织切片，相邻切片以Masson三色染色、Weigert染色法分别进行胶原纤维和弹性纤维染色。 结果 1．在赤道部及稍后方，猕猴、猫、兔及Wistar大鼠所有直肌周围均有主要以胶原纤维组成的结缔组织环，弹性纤维散在其中，但结缔组织在眶内各部位的分布趋势不完全相同。猕猴内直肌结缔组织纤维环、内下侧(内直肌—下直肌间)连接带明显发达于其他部分；平滑肌的分布与弹性纤维在内直肌周围纤维环及内直肌—下直肌间呈明显的带状分布，其密度较其他部位明显增大。兔及猫眼外肌胶原纤维环均比较菲薄，与眶层纤维联系显得疏松；内直肌周围胶原纤维环、内下侧连接带亦不明显发达于其它纤维环或连接带；眶内平滑肌仅以极少量细胞散在分布。Wistar大鼠内直肌纤维环比其它纤维环发达，但与兔相似，平滑肌在内直肌—上直肌间连接带的分布明显发达于内直肌—下直肌间的连接带中。 2．超微结构显示猕猴内直肌与下直肌间的结缔组织连接带主要以胶原纤维构成，丰富的弹性纤维、平滑肌及成纤维细胞散布于其中。相邻胶原原纤维束间紧密地以直角交错进行排列。猫及Wistar大鼠的相关结构亦主要由胶原纤维构成，其中散在分布着弹性纤维和少量成纤维细胞。猫标本中未见明显的非血管性平滑肌细胞。胶原纤维排列比较疏松，相邻纤维束间成一定角度交错排列，但非直角交错。 3．在典型部位，所有直肌眶层肌纤维与胶原纤维环紧密粘连，但并非在此部位突然中止，而是有部分眶层肌纤维继续向前延伸，与胶原环间呈一定间隙，并逐渐减少。 4．猕猴、兔及Wistar大鼠上斜肌眶层纤维随着球层纤维向前行走，其周围结缔组织逐渐增厚直至滑车处。此后，猕猴眶层肌纤维离开球层，与胶原纤维混合存在；兔及Wistar大鼠眶层纤维随着上斜肌反折过滑车部位。三种动物上斜肌眶层周围结缔组织均与上直肌胶原纤维环相延续。 5．猕猴、兔及Wistar大鼠下斜肌周围结缔组织均与外直肌、下直肌周围结缔组织相延续，但延续方式并不完全相同。在猕猴下斜肌与下直肌交叉处存在着围绕这两条眼外肌的致密胶原环，并为弹性纤维所坚固；下斜肌周围结缔组织除与其自身眶层纤维、下直肌胶原环紧密相连外，还与外直肌胶原环相延续。兔及Wistar大鼠下斜肌虽然亦有胶原结缔组织纤维所绕，这一包绕的胶原纤维与外直肌周围结缔组织相延续，但与下直肌纤维环较疏松地连接。 结论 1．灵长类眼外肌Pulley对遵守眼球运动Listing法则可能发挥了的重要作用 2．灵长类内下侧Pulley带的发达可能与高度发达的集合运动及双眼视觉有关。 3．并非所有哺乳动物直肌均止于胶原环，，有少部分眶层肌纤维继续向前延伸并逐渐减少，提示可能并非所有眶层纤维均参与了眼外肌纤维环位置的调控。 4．猕猴、Wistar大鼠及兔的上斜肌肌鞘与眶层肌纤维紧密粘连，并与上直肌周围纤维环相延续，下斜肌眶层肌纤维与其自身、外直肌及下直肌周围结缔组织相延续，提示这些EOMs间的位置相互影响，进一步解释了前庭眼反射(包括人类前庭眼反射)的部分运动机制。 5．灵长类下斜肌收缩可引起下直肌内移、外直肌下移，同时伴有颞侧旋转，这可能解释了集合运动时Listing平面向颞侧倾斜的现象。
[Abstract]:objective
This paper studies the similarities and differences of connective tissue around the extraocular muscles between primates and lower mammals, and analyzes the effect of this structure on the mechanism of eyeball movement of different species, especially the primates, in order to explore the effect of Pulley on the complex ocular motor system and the advanced visual function of human extraocular muscles.
Method
1. adult macaques were deeply anaesthetized with 1. ketamine hydrochloride, 5 adult rats, rabbits and domestic cats each. All the eyes were separated and fixed. Each animal was chosen to take one orbit for gross anatomy. Histologically, the orbit was embedded in the orbital paraffin, and the coronal sections were sectioned continuously. The adjacent sections were stained with Masson and Weigert staining, respectively. The morphology and structure of connective tissue around the musculus musculus and its relationship with the extraocular muscle were observed in detail. All sections of rhesus monkey, rabbit and Wistar rats were selected to observe the form of connective tissue around the oblique muscle and the relationship between the structure and the tissue of the extraocular muscles.
2. adult macaques were deeply anesthetized with 2. ketamine hydrochloride, adult Wistar rats and 4 municipal cats. The conjunctival incision of the proximal and lower fornix was exposed under the operation microscope directly. The entire tendon of the medial rectus muscle was exposed. The interorbital fascia and the interorbital membrane and the intermuscularis membrane were separated to the white connective tissue band across the musculus musculus. The 1 x 1 x 1mm~3 white connective tissue block between the orbital and lower rectus muscles of the medial rectus muscle was cut with the scissors. The white connective tissue block was immediately immersed in the pre cooled 3% glutaraldehyde, and the tissue components of the connective tissue were observed under the conventional transmission electron microscope and under the different magnifying glasses. The arrangement and ultrastructure were different, and the same part of the connective tissue block, regular neutral formalin, paraffin embedded, tissue section, Masson three color staining and Weigert staining were used to stain the collagen fibers and elastic fibers respectively.
Result
1. in the equator and a little rear, the collagenous connective tissue rings are mainly composed of collagen fibers in all the rectus muscles of rhesus monkeys, cats, rabbits and Wistar rats. The elastic fibers are scattered among them, but the distribution trend of connective tissue in the orbital parts is not exactly the same. The distribution of the smooth muscle distribution and the fiber ring around the medial rectus and the medial rectus muscle of the medial rectus muscle were obviously zonal distribution, and its density was obviously larger than that of the other parts. The collagen fibrous ring of the rabbit and the outer muscle of the cat's eye was thin and the connection with the orbital fiber appeared loose; the inner collagenous fibrous ring around the internal rectus muscle was inside. The lower lateral junction zone is not obviously developed in other fibrous rings or connecting bands. The smooth muscle of the orbital smooth muscle is distributed in only a small amount of cells in the distribution of.Wistar rat's rectus muscle fibers, but similar to that of the rabbit. The distribution of the medial rectus and superior rectus muscle of the muscle of the smooth muscle is obviously found in the connecting zone between the medial rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle.
2. the ultrastructure showed that the connective tissue junction between the rectus and the rectus muscle of the macaque was mainly composed of collagen fibers, and the rich elastic fibers, smooth muscle and fibroblasts were scattered in it. The adjacent collagen fibrous bundles were interlaced in a right angle. The related structures of the cat and Wistar rats were mainly composed of collagen fibers. There were scattered elastic fibers and a small amount of fibroblasts. There was no obvious non vascular smooth muscle cells in the cat specimens. The arrangement of collagen fibers was loose and the adjacent fiber bundles were interlaced at a certain angle, but the non right angles were interlaced.
3. in the typical site, all the musculus musculus musculus musculus fibers of the rectus muscles are closely associated with the collagen fibrous ring, but not at this site, but some of the orbital muscle fibers continue to extend forward, with a certain gap between the collagenous rings and gradually decreasing.
4. the orbital layer fibers of the superior oblique muscle of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats walked along with the ball layer fiber, and the connective tissue around it gradually thickened until the trochlear. After that, the orbital layer of the macaque was mixed with the collagen fibers, and the orbital fibers in the rabbit and Wistar rats were back to the part of the trochlear with the upper oblique muscle. The orbital layer of the three kinds of superior oblique muscles in the animals. The surrounding connective tissue continued with the collagen fibers of the rectus muscle.
5. the connective tissues around the inferior oblique muscles of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats were all continued with the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle, but the continuity was not exactly the same. There was a dense collagen ring around the two extraocular muscles at the intersection of the lower rectus and lower rectus muscles of the rhesus monkey, which was strong for elastic fiber; the connective tissue around the inferior oblique muscle was in addition to the same. Its own orbital fiber and the collagenous ring of the lower rectus muscle are closely connected, and continue with the collagenous ring of the external rectus. The rabbit and Wistar rat lower oblique muscles are also surrounded by collagenous connective tissue fibers. This wrapped collagenous fiber extends to the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle, but is loosely connected with the inferior rectus muscle fiber ring.
conclusion
1. the Pulley of the primate extraocular muscles may play an important role in observing the Listing rule of eye movement.
2. the development of the lower Pulley band in primates may be related to highly developed collective movements and binocular vision.
3. not all mammalian rectus muscles stop in the collagenous ring, and a few of the orbital layer fibers continue to extend forward and gradually decrease, suggesting that not all orbital fibers are involved in the regulation of the position of the extraocular muscle fiber ring.
4. the muscle sheath of the superior oblique muscle of Wistar rats and rabbits adhered closely to the fiber of the orbital layer and continued with the fibrous ring around the upper rectus. The fibers of the orbital layer of the lower oblique muscle continued with its own, the external rectus and the connective tissue around the lower rectus, suggesting the interaction between these EOMs positions, which further explained the vestibular eye reflex (including the human vestibule). The partial mechanism of motion of the eye reflex.
The contractile of the inferior oblique muscle in 5. primates can cause the lower rectus to move, the external rectus moves down and the temporal rotation is accompanied, which may explain the phenomenon that the Listing plane is tilted to the temporal side during the movement of the assembly.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R322
本文编号：2139282
[Abstract]:objective
This paper studies the similarities and differences of connective tissue around the extraocular muscles between primates and lower mammals, and analyzes the effect of this structure on the mechanism of eyeball movement of different species, especially the primates, in order to explore the effect of Pulley on the complex ocular motor system and the advanced visual function of human extraocular muscles.
Method
1. adult macaques were deeply anaesthetized with 1. ketamine hydrochloride, 5 adult rats, rabbits and domestic cats each. All the eyes were separated and fixed. Each animal was chosen to take one orbit for gross anatomy. Histologically, the orbit was embedded in the orbital paraffin, and the coronal sections were sectioned continuously. The adjacent sections were stained with Masson and Weigert staining, respectively. The morphology and structure of connective tissue around the musculus musculus and its relationship with the extraocular muscle were observed in detail. All sections of rhesus monkey, rabbit and Wistar rats were selected to observe the form of connective tissue around the oblique muscle and the relationship between the structure and the tissue of the extraocular muscles.
2. adult macaques were deeply anesthetized with 2. ketamine hydrochloride, adult Wistar rats and 4 municipal cats. The conjunctival incision of the proximal and lower fornix was exposed under the operation microscope directly. The entire tendon of the medial rectus muscle was exposed. The interorbital fascia and the interorbital membrane and the intermuscularis membrane were separated to the white connective tissue band across the musculus musculus. The 1 x 1 x 1mm~3 white connective tissue block between the orbital and lower rectus muscles of the medial rectus muscle was cut with the scissors. The white connective tissue block was immediately immersed in the pre cooled 3% glutaraldehyde, and the tissue components of the connective tissue were observed under the conventional transmission electron microscope and under the different magnifying glasses. The arrangement and ultrastructure were different, and the same part of the connective tissue block, regular neutral formalin, paraffin embedded, tissue section, Masson three color staining and Weigert staining were used to stain the collagen fibers and elastic fibers respectively.
Result
1. in the equator and a little rear, the collagenous connective tissue rings are mainly composed of collagen fibers in all the rectus muscles of rhesus monkeys, cats, rabbits and Wistar rats. The elastic fibers are scattered among them, but the distribution trend of connective tissue in the orbital parts is not exactly the same. The distribution of the smooth muscle distribution and the fiber ring around the medial rectus and the medial rectus muscle of the medial rectus muscle were obviously zonal distribution, and its density was obviously larger than that of the other parts. The collagen fibrous ring of the rabbit and the outer muscle of the cat's eye was thin and the connection with the orbital fiber appeared loose; the inner collagenous fibrous ring around the internal rectus muscle was inside. The lower lateral junction zone is not obviously developed in other fibrous rings or connecting bands. The smooth muscle of the orbital smooth muscle is distributed in only a small amount of cells in the distribution of.Wistar rat's rectus muscle fibers, but similar to that of the rabbit. The distribution of the medial rectus and superior rectus muscle of the muscle of the smooth muscle is obviously found in the connecting zone between the medial rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle.
2. the ultrastructure showed that the connective tissue junction between the rectus and the rectus muscle of the macaque was mainly composed of collagen fibers, and the rich elastic fibers, smooth muscle and fibroblasts were scattered in it. The adjacent collagen fibrous bundles were interlaced in a right angle. The related structures of the cat and Wistar rats were mainly composed of collagen fibers. There were scattered elastic fibers and a small amount of fibroblasts. There was no obvious non vascular smooth muscle cells in the cat specimens. The arrangement of collagen fibers was loose and the adjacent fiber bundles were interlaced at a certain angle, but the non right angles were interlaced.
3. in the typical site, all the musculus musculus musculus musculus fibers of the rectus muscles are closely associated with the collagen fibrous ring, but not at this site, but some of the orbital muscle fibers continue to extend forward, with a certain gap between the collagenous rings and gradually decreasing.
4. the orbital layer fibers of the superior oblique muscle of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats walked along with the ball layer fiber, and the connective tissue around it gradually thickened until the trochlear. After that, the orbital layer of the macaque was mixed with the collagen fibers, and the orbital fibers in the rabbit and Wistar rats were back to the part of the trochlear with the upper oblique muscle. The orbital layer of the three kinds of superior oblique muscles in the animals. The surrounding connective tissue continued with the collagen fibers of the rectus muscle.
5. the connective tissues around the inferior oblique muscles of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats were all continued with the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle, but the continuity was not exactly the same. There was a dense collagen ring around the two extraocular muscles at the intersection of the lower rectus and lower rectus muscles of the rhesus monkey, which was strong for elastic fiber; the connective tissue around the inferior oblique muscle was in addition to the same. Its own orbital fiber and the collagenous ring of the lower rectus muscle are closely connected, and continue with the collagenous ring of the external rectus. The rabbit and Wistar rat lower oblique muscles are also surrounded by collagenous connective tissue fibers. This wrapped collagenous fiber extends to the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle, but is loosely connected with the inferior rectus muscle fiber ring.
conclusion
1. the Pulley of the primate extraocular muscles may play an important role in observing the Listing rule of eye movement.
2. the development of the lower Pulley band in primates may be related to highly developed collective movements and binocular vision.
3. not all mammalian rectus muscles stop in the collagenous ring, and a few of the orbital layer fibers continue to extend forward and gradually decrease, suggesting that not all orbital fibers are involved in the regulation of the position of the extraocular muscle fiber ring.
4. the muscle sheath of the superior oblique muscle of Wistar rats and rabbits adhered closely to the fiber of the orbital layer and continued with the fibrous ring around the upper rectus. The fibers of the orbital layer of the lower oblique muscle continued with its own, the external rectus and the connective tissue around the lower rectus, suggesting the interaction between these EOMs positions, which further explained the vestibular eye reflex (including the human vestibule). The partial mechanism of motion of the eye reflex.
The contractile of the inferior oblique muscle in 5. primates can cause the lower rectus to move, the external rectus moves down and the temporal rotation is accompanied, which may explain the phenomenon that the Listing plane is tilted to the temporal side during the movement of the assembly.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R322
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 郑李明;王兴松;;套索驱动柔性细长机器人视觉运动系统建模与分析[J];南京航空航天大学学报;2011年06期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 宁香玉;猫眼外肌及其神经支配的形态解剖学特点[D];青岛大学;2012年
本文编号：2139282
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