公共卫生应急管理:以巴西应对寨卡病毒危机的措施为例

发布时间：2018-01-13 18:33

本文关键词：公共卫生应急管理:以巴西应对寨卡病毒危机的措施为例　出处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：2015年5月,巴西出现寨卡病毒本土传播现象,其主要传播媒介是受到感染的埃及伊蚊。此后疫情迅速扩散至全国,成为一起严重的突发性公共卫生事件。鉴于该事件对巴西民众、社会及国家形象的严重影响,巴西政府采取了一系列应急管理措施,如构筑全国管理行动网络进行统一协调和指挥,对疫情进行全面监控并动员全社会积极灭蚊,前后投放数万吨杀虫剂并采取各种高科技手段,在举办奥运会项目的城市采取特别行动保证游客及运动员免受寨卡病毒侵袭。此外,巴西政府大力支持寨卡病毒快速诊断技术及相关疫苗的研发,加强对寨卡病毒并发症小头症及其危害的研究,重点关注孕妇和育龄女性,积极救助新生儿小头症患者。巴西政府的积极行动取得了初步成效,疫情基本得到控制;备受瞩目的里约奥运会如期成功举办,没有运动员和教练员感染寨卡病毒。但与此同时,巴西应对寨卡疫情的部分措施也引起一些非议,需要他国予以注意。
[Abstract]:In May 2015, the local transmission of Zika virus occurred in Brazil, and its main transmission vector was the infected Aedes aegypti. The epidemic spread rapidly throughout the country. In view of the serious impact of the incident on the image of the Brazilian people, society and the country, the Brazilian government has taken a series of emergency management measures. For example, a national network of management actions should be set up for unified coordination and command, comprehensive surveillance of the epidemic situation and mobilization of the whole society to actively eradicate mosquitoes, and tens of thousands of tons of insecticides will be dropped before and after, and various high-tech means will be adopted. Special action has been taken in cities hosting the Olympic Games to protect tourists and athletes from Zika. In addition, the Brazilian government has strongly supported the development of rapid diagnostic techniques for Zika and related vaccines. Strengthen the study of Zika virus complications microcephaly and its harm, focus on pregnant women and women of childbearing age, actively assist neonatal microcephalic patients. The Brazilian government's positive action has achieved initial results. The epidemic situation is basically under control; The high-profile Rio Olympics were held on schedule and no athletes and coaches were infected with the Zika virus. But at the same time, some of Brazil's efforts to deal with the Zika outbreak have drawn some criticism and need attention.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：R183;R511
【正文快照】： 2015年5月,当国际社会还在致力于埃博拉病毒的预防与救治时,由受感染的埃及伊蚊传播的寨卡病毒(Zika Virus)已在美洲悄然出现并迅速蔓延。截至2016年1月28日,寨卡病毒已扩散至欧洲、拉丁美洲和非洲的30多个国家和地区,其中巴西疫情最为严重。2015年7月和10月,巴西先后向世界卫

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