一起医院住院病人诺如病毒急性胃肠炎暴发疫情的调查

发布时间：2018-02-12 18:40

本文关键词： 诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发　出处：《现代预防医学》2015年18期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的调查某医院住院病人腹泻暴发疫情的致病因子,找出传染源和危险因素,提出针对性的预防控制建议,有效控制疫情。方法采用统一的调查表对病例进行流行病学调查;开展现场卫生学调查并采集便标本,采用RT-PCR对便标本进行诺如病毒核酸检测。结果调查该病区暴露的住院患者和医务人员135名,发现22名病例,罹患率为16.30%;患者临床表现以腹泻、恶心、呕吐为主,部分患者出现发热症状;不同楼层住院老人罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.82,P0.05);住院老人罹患率高于护工(χ2=5.35,P0.05),不同性别住院老人发病风险相同(χ2=0.18,P0.05);采集的14份便标本中,8份检测结果为诺如病毒核酸阳性。结论该次急性胃肠炎暴发疫情是由诺如病毒引起,传染源可能为隐形感染者或病原携带者,病毒通过某种共用媒介传播后再以人-人传播模式进一步扩散,高危人群为住院老人;采取针对性措施后,疫情得以有效控制。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the pathogenic factors of diarrhea outbreak in a hospital, to find out the source of infection and risk factors, to put forward some suggestions for prevention and control, and to control the epidemic situation effectively. RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus nucleic acid in feces. Results 135 inpatients and medical staff exposed in the area were investigated, and 22 cases were found. The clinical manifestations of the patients were diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and some patients had fever symptoms. There was no significant difference in attack rate among inpatients from different floors (蠂 2 / 0. 82) (蠂 2 / 0. 82) (P 0. 05), the incidence rate of elderly hospitalized persons was higher than that of nursing workers (蠂 2 / 35), and the risk of morbidity was the same among the inpatients of different genders (蠂 2 / 0. 18 / P 0. 05), and 8 of the 14 stool samples collected were tested for nucleic acid positive virus (NV). Conclusion the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was caused by Norovirus. The source of infection may be invisible infected person or pathogen carrier, the virus spread through some common media and then spread further by human-to-human transmission mode, and the high-risk group is the elderly in hospital. After taking targeted measures, the epidemic situation can be effectively controlled.
【作者单位】：北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制科;北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所;
【基金】：北京市自然科学基金项目“北京市食源性胃肠炎暴发和聚集性病例中诺如病毒的分子流行病学研究”(7132045)
【分类号】：R512.5

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