海南省2012-2013年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学调查分析

发布时间：2018-02-14 17:41

  本文关键词： 狂犬病 暴露人群 流行病学特征　出处：《中国卫生统计》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的分析海南省2012-2013年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后预防处置状况,为狂犬病预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法进行现场调查和统计分析。结果暴露人群流行病学特征显示:狂犬病暴露率与发病率之间呈现正相关变化趋势(r=0.77,P0.01);暴露人群男性多于女性;职业以务农人群居多,占28.55%;年龄以0~15岁组居多,占26.34%,其次是30~45岁组,占22.23%。时间分布上,围绕月平均暴露率窄幅波动,波动范围不大,7-9月较高于月平均暴露率,12月至次年1-2月较低于月平均暴露率;地区分布不平衡,保亭县、三亚市、陵水县暴露率相对较高。人群暴露及预防处置结果显示:伤人动物种类以犬伤为主,占66.60%,其次鼠伤,占17.31%;伤人动物来源以自家养动物为主,占48.41%;致伤部位以下肢、手部、脚部居多,共占84.49%;伤害程度以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级伤势为主,共占96.20%;暴露后能够经过门诊处理者居多,占65.14%;能够进行全程接种疫苗者居多,占70.87%。结论针对海南省2012-2013年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后预防处置现状,应采取相应预防控制措施,降低狂犬病的发病率。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the population exposed to rabies in Hainan Province in 2012-2013 and the situation of prevention and treatment after exposure. Methods the method of descriptive epidemiology was used to conduct field investigation and statistical analysis. Results Epidemiological characteristics of exposed population showed that the relationship between rabies exposure rate and incidence was positive. The trend of change was 0.77% (P 0.01), and the number of exposed population was more than that of female. Most of them were engaged in agriculture (28.55%), the age group was 0 ~ 15 years old (26.34%), the next was 30 ~ 45 years old group (22.23%). In time distribution, the average monthly exposure rate fluctuated in a narrow range. The range of fluctuation is not big in July-September and lower than the average monthly exposure rate in July-September, from December to January and February of the following year; the regional distribution is unbalanced, Baoting County, Sanya City, The results of crowd exposure and prevention and treatment showed that dog injury was the main species of injury, followed by mouse injury (17.31%), the source of injury was mainly home-bred animals (48.41%), and the injured parts were lower limbs and hands. The majority of the patients were foot (84.49%); the degree of injury was mainly grade 鈪，

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