艾滋病疫苗的科学挑战和应对策略

发布时间：2018-02-14 18:22

  本文关键词： 疫苗 人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 临床试验 国际合作　出处：《科学通报》2017年17期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在经历30年两代疫苗的失败后,一、二代联合人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)疫苗(痘病毒ALVAC和gp120)终于在泰国RV144试验中显示了31%保护效果,尚无法用于预防工作.HIV疫苗的科学挑战为,病毒在自然感染中难以产生有效的免疫保护,只有另辟蹊径才能攻克这一进化的瓶颈.近年HIV疫苗不乏新的研究进展,从HIV感染精英控制者发现了超强广谱中和抗体,设计了一批稳定膜蛋白三聚体结构的新免疫原,探索了一些激活广谱中和抗体胚系B细胞的新方法,使用复制型病毒载体增强疫苗的免疫原性和持久性等.HIV临床试验也明显得到加快,与前30年仅开展了4个Ⅱb/Ⅲ期试验不同,未来5年将开展一批Ⅱb/Ⅲ期临床试验,包括南非重复RV144疫苗的试验已于2016年开始,强森公司与哈佛大学研制的Ad26/gp140疫苗的试验计划于2017~2018年启动,中国疾病预防控制中心和美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)联合开展前者的DNA复制型痘病毒(rTV)和后者的gp145疫苗的联合临床试验(比较复制型(rTV)与非复制型(ALVAC)痘苗疫苗的保护性),NIH的两个CHAVI-ID项目和疫苗研究中心正全力推进新型膜蛋白疫苗大规模临床试验等.这些HIV疫苗的研究有望对2030年终结艾滋病的事业做出应有的贡献.
[Abstract]:After 30 years of failure of two generations of vaccines, the first and second generations of the combined human immunodeficiency virus (ALVAC) vaccine (poxvirus ALVAC and gp120) have finally shown 31% protective effects in Thailand's RV144 test, and the scientific challenge of not being able to use it for prevention. It is difficult for the virus to produce effective immune protection in natural infection, and only a new way can solve this bottleneck of evolution. In recent years, there has been no lack of new research progress in HIV vaccine, and the super broad spectrum neutralizing antibody has been found from the elite control of HIV infection. A batch of novel immunogen with stable membrane protein trimer structure was designed, and some new methods for activating B cell line of broad spectrum neutralizing antibody were explored. The immunogenicity and persistence of the vaccine using replicative virus vectors were also significantly accelerated. The clinical trials of HIV were also significantly accelerated. Different from the only four phase 鈪，

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