水痘应急接种对上海市闵行区水痘爆发疫情控制效果的横断面调查分析

发布时间：2018-03-04 01:00

本文选题：水痘　切入点：应急接种　出处：《复旦学报(医学版)》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的分析《上海市水痘疫苗应急接种实施方案(2013年—2014年试行版)》(以下简称《方案》)执行前后,闵行区水痘爆发疫情的变化情况,评价水痘减毒活疫苗应急接种的作用。方法通过横断面调查收集"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"中报告的闵行区水痘暴发疫情监测的相关资料。《方案》执行前后的观察期分别为2012年1月1日至2013年6月30日和2013年7月1日至2014年12月31日。结果《方案》执行前,闵行区共报告水痘疫情14起,均上升为爆发疫情,持续时间最长的82天,平均每起疫情持续50.86天(712/14),累计代次2.42代(50.86/21),发病159人,总罹患率为1.26%(159/12 625),班级罹患率为9.09%(159/1 750),每起疫情平均发病11.36人(159/14),平均发病班级3.21个(45/14);《方案》执行后,闵行区共报告水痘疫情169起,其中22起上升为爆发疫情,持续时间最长的66天,平均每起疫情持续41.32天(909/22),累计代次1.97代(41.32/21),发病200人,总罹患率1.10%(200/18 200),班级罹患率为8.38%(200/2387),每起疫情平均发病9.09人(200/22),平均发病班级2.50(55/22)个。虽然《方案》执行后,闵行区水痘疫情大幅度增加,但是水痘爆发疫情在水痘疫情中的占比明显下降,总罹患率、班级罹患率,疫情最长持续时间、平均持续时间、累计代次,每起疫情平均发病人数、平均发病班级数等均有不同程度下降,平均持续时间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.06,P0.05)。结论高危人群中水痘疫苗应急接种能有效控制疫情蔓延范围,降低续发病例发生的可能性。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the changes of the varicella outbreak in Minhang District before and after the implementation of the "implementation Plan of Shanghai Chickenpox Vaccine Emergency vaccination (2013-2014 trial version)" (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan") before and after the implementation of the program. Methods through cross-sectional investigation, we collected the relevant information on the surveillance of varicella outbreak in Minhang District, which was reported in "China Disease Prevention and Control Information system". The observation periods were from January 1st 2012 to June 30th 2013 and July 1st 2013 to July 1st 2013. Results before the implementation of the program, A total of 14 chickenpox outbreaks were reported in Minhang District, all of which rose to outbreaks. The longest duration was 82 days. The average duration of each outbreak was 50.86 days or 712 / 14, with a cumulative number of 2.42 generations of 50.86 / 21, with 159 people suffering from the disease. The total attack rate was 1.26 / 159 / 12,625, and the class attack rate was 9.09 / 1.750%. The average incidence of each outbreak was 11.36 people, and the average class was 3.21 / 45 / 14. After the implementation of the program, a total of 169 chickenpox outbreaks were reported in Minhang District, of which 22 were reported as outbreaks, with the longest duration of 66 days. The average outbreak lasted 41.32 days, 909 / 22, a cumulative number of 1.97 generations 41.32 / 21, a total of 200 people, a total attack rate of 1.10 / 200 / 18 / 200, a class attack rate of 8.38 / 200 / 2387, an average of 9.09 people per outbreak / 200 / 22, an average of 2.50 / 5522 / 2. Although after the implementation of the program, The number of chickenpox outbreaks in Minhang District increased by a large margin, but the proportion of chickenpox outbreaks in the chickenpox epidemic decreased significantly. The total attack rate, class attack rate, the longest duration of the epidemic, the average duration, the cumulative number of generations, The average number of patients and the average class number of each outbreak decreased in different degrees, and the difference of average duration was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 4.06) P 0.05. Conclusion the emergency vaccination of varicella vaccine in high risk population can effectively control the spread of the epidemic. Reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
【作者单位】：上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：上海市第四轮公共卫生三年行动计划高端海外研修团队计划(GWTD2015S05) 上海市研究生教育创新计划~~
【分类号】：R186;R511.5

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