海南省消除疟疾行动计划中期评估报告

发布时间：2018-03-08 18:27

本文选题：消除疟疾　切入点：海南省　出处：《中国热带医学》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：疟疾是危害海南人民群众健康的重要寄生虫病之一,且因气温全年皆适宜按蚊生长和疟原虫子孢子在蚊体内的发育和繁殖,故当地疟疾终年传播无休止期。1956年全省疟疾调查显示,居民疟原虫带虫率及脾肿率分别为40.3%及69.6%。自1959年开始在全岛开展大规模抗疟,1969年,海南省疟疾发病率为159.2/万,此后发病率持续下降,至1977年下降至30.5/万,1978年发病率上升1倍多,为63.44/万,此后虽个别年份发病率有所上升,但总体呈下降趋势,至1999年,疟疾年发病率降至4.57/万。2010年,海南省按照国家的《中国消除疟疾行动计划(2010—2020)》开展消除疟疾工作,病例数持续减少,并在2012年首次实现无本地报告疟疾病例,至2014年,海南省连续3年无本地疟疾病例报告。2014年屯昌县、文昌市陆续通过了省级消除疟疾考核。2010—2014年,市县级政府合计拨付1 403.39万元用于开展消除疟疾工作。近几年海南省开展消除疟疾的主要工作内容是:1发热病人血检;2病例报告、治疗、个案调查及疫点处置;3技能培训;4健康教育等。2010—2014年,每年血检率达1.28%~2.05%。所有网报病例均严格按照1-3-7模式开展防控措施,防止二代病例出现。足够的经费投入保障了大规模培训专业人员及群众健康教育措施的实施,2010—2014年培训疟疾防治管理人员、临床医生及检验人员共16 854人次,发放各式健康教育资料共170多万份。虽已取得阶段性的成果,但在消除疟疾过程中我们仍然面临很多的困难与挑战。首先是部门间合作机制有待加强;第二是输入性病例造成的威胁;第三是一些关键性技术难题尚未解决;第四是基层疟防人员有所削弱;第五是宣传力度仍然不够。
[Abstract]:Malaria is one of the important parasitic diseases that harm the health of the people in Hainan, and because the temperature is suitable for the growth of Anopheles mosquito and the development and reproduction of Plasmodium parasite sporozoites in the body of mosquitoes throughout the year, In 1956, the incidence of malaria parasite and spleen swelling were 40.3% and 69.60.The incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 159.2 / 10 000 in 1969, and the incidence of malaria was 159.2 / 10 000 in Hainan Province since 1959, the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000, the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000 in 1969, and the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000. Since then, the incidence rate has continued to decrease, from 1977 to 350 / 10 000, and on 1978, the incidence rate more than doubled to 634 / 10 000. After that, the incidence of malaria decreased to 45.7 / 10 000 in 1999, although the incidence rate increased in individual years, but it showed a general trend of decline, by 1999, the annual incidence of malaria had dropped to 45.7 / 10 000. Hainan Province carried out malaria eradication work in accordance with the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Malaria in China (2010-2020). The number of cases continued to decrease. In 2012, no locally reported cases of malaria were reported for the first time, and by 2014, Hainan Province did not report local malaria cases for the third consecutive year. In 2014, in Tunchang County, Wenchang City passed the provincial malaria elimination assessment from 2010 to 2014. The municipal and county governments have allocated a total of fourteen million thirty-three thousand and nine hundred yuan for malaria eradication work. In recent years, the main work of eliminating malaria in Hainan Province is to report and treat two blood cases of one febrile patient. From 2010 to 2014, the annual blood test rate reached 1.28% and 2.05%. All the cases reported online were strictly carried out in accordance with the 1-3-7 model for prevention and control. Prevention of second-generation cases. Adequate funding has ensured the implementation of large-scale training measures for health education for professionals and the general public. In 2010-2014, malaria control and management personnel were trained, including 16,854 clinicians and laboratory workers. More than 1.7 million copies of various kinds of health education materials have been distributed. Although we have achieved periodic results, we still face many difficulties and challenges in the process of eliminating malaria. First, the Intersectoral cooperation mechanism needs to be strengthened; The second is the threat caused by imported cases; the third is that some key technical problems have not been solved; the 4th is the weakening of basic level malaria prevention personnel; and the 5th is that propaganda is still insufficient.
【作者单位】：海南省疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.813251;No.310174)
【分类号】：R531.3

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