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快速检测试剂条、镜检和PCR在疟疾诊断中的应用研究

发布时间:2018-03-16 23:25

  本文选题:疟疾 切入点:镜检 出处:《安徽医科大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:目的采用镜检、RDT和PCR三种检测方法对网报疟疾病例复核检测,比较三种方法在疟疾诊断中的敏感性、特异性,为科学地分析判断复核检测结果,以及RDT能否在基层替代疟原虫镜检提供依据。RDT检测时,同时使用进口和国产RDT两种产品进行检测,通过比较两种产品的敏感性、特异性,为监测工作中产品选择的可行性提供依据。动态观察疟疾病例镜检、PCR和RDT的检测阴转时间,以及经治疗后疟疾病人镜检原虫的密度随时间的变化,为疟疾监测和防治工作提供科学的理论依据。 方法收集安徽省2012年1月~2013年9月中国疾病预防控制信息传染病报告系统的网报267例疟疾病例的血片、抗凝血,病例报告类型包括实验室、临床和疑似三种;50例非疟疾病人血样,来自芙蓉社区卫生服务中心。267例流行病学调查表来自寄生虫病防治信息管理系统。对血片和抗凝血分别进行镜检、RDT和PCR检测,,并将快速检测试剂条的结果与镜检法和PCR的结果对比分析其敏感性与特异性。收集安徽省立医院及肥东县人民医院2013年5月~2013年9月疟疾住院病人37例,确诊后连续采血7天,若病人治愈出院、转院等情况,以镜检与PCR结果有转阴时间为标准,纳入研究范围。使用EDTA管采集血样,并对病人进行流行病学调查。每天采血后立即涂制血片,同时做RDT,并提取DNA准备做PCR。采用三种方法进行检测,观察不同检测方法的阴转时间,经SPSS11.5软件统计分析,采用非参数检验(nonparametric tests)中的Wilcoxon检验比较,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。 结果收集267例网报病例的血片,镜检复核疟原虫阳性148例,阳性率为55.43%,其中恶性疟117例,间日疟20例,卵形疟10例,三日疟1例;267例抗凝血样采用PCR法检测,疟原虫阳性者150例,阳性率为56.18%,其中恶性疟119例(包括镜检检出的117例),间日疟20例,卵形疟10例,三日疟1例;采用进口RDT试剂对267份抗凝血血样进行检测,检测出147例阳性,阳性率为55.06%,其中非恶性疟21例(包括镜检和PCR均检为间日疟的19例和镜检和PCR均检为恶性疟的2例),恶性疟126例(包括镜检为恶性疟的114例,另12例镜检阴性;PCR检为恶性疟116例,另10例PCR检为阴性),因此,RDT未检出1例间日疟和1例恶性疟,并将2例恶性疟检为非恶性疟,10例PCR和镜检均检为阴性的病例检为恶性疟,10例卵形疟和1例三日疟均未检出;50例非疟疾病人RDT、镜检和PCR检测均为阴性。以镜检为标准,对间日疟和恶性疟进行分析得出,RDT的敏感度为98%,特异度90%,假阳性率10%,假阴性率2%,阳性预测值92%,阴性预测值98%;以PCR为标准,对间日疟和恶性疟进行分析得出,RDT的敏感度为98%,特异度91%,假阳性率9%,假阴性率2%,阳性预测值93%,阴性预测值98%。采用国产RDT检测结果为阳性143例,阴性124例,其中非恶性疟18例,恶性疟125例(包括进口RDT检为恶性疟的123例,另2例进口RDT检为非恶性疟,但是镜检和PCR均检为恶性疟)。因此,国产RDT未检出3例恶性疟和1例间日疟,卵形疟和三日疟均未检出。将国产RDT的检测结果与进口RDT结果进行比较,两方法配对卡方检验结果表明两方法差异没有统计学意义(2=4.000,P>0.05),Kappa检验结果P<0.001,且Kappa值0.97,提示两方法高度一致。动态采集37例确诊疟疾病人血样,镜检转阴时间1~5天,中位数为2天;PCR转阴时间1~6天,中位数为3天,经非参数检验(nonparametric tests)中的Wilcoxon检验比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.776,P<0.05),PCR转阴时间约比镜检长1天;RDT的阴转时间长于7天。37例病例镜检结果转阴时间为1~5天不等,16例病人第二天即转阴,其中1天后阴转病例密度中位数为3571/μl血(267/μl血,38790/μl血),2~5天后阴转病例密度中位数分别为第1天38385/μl血、第2天11456/μl血及第3天147/μl血,呈下降趋势。 结论本研究结果表明,课题使用RDT产品无法检出卵形疟和三日疟;对于恶性疟和间日疟,RDT与镜检和PCR相比,RDT的敏感性和特异性均较高。由于PCR在基层较难普及,而镜检对技术的要求较高而且人员培训周期长等原因,RDT有望在基层取代镜检进行疟疾监测。国产RDT敏感性和特异性也较高,可以在基层取代进口RDT进行疟疾病例监测工作。三种方法RDT的有效检测时间最长,长于7天,PCR次之,约为3天,镜检阴转时间约为2天,PCR阴转时间一般比镜检迟1天,为疟疾病例复核以及疫点是否处置提供了依据。疟疾病例原虫密度变化可以作为临床治疗效果的判断指标。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the examination, three methods for detection of RDT and PCR on the network reported malaria cases review detection, sensitivity, comparison of the three methods in diagnosis of malaria specific, scientific analysis and review of test results, the RDT can replace blood smears at the grassroots level to provide the basis for.RDT detection, and the use of imported and domestic RDT detection of two kinds of products, through the comparison of two kinds of products, the sensitivity, specificity, and provide the basis for the feasibility of product selection and monitoring of malaria cases. Dynamic observation in microscope, detection of PCR and RDT negative conversion time, and the treatment of malaria parasite microscopic density changes with time, provide the scientific basis for malaria surveillance and control work.
Methods to collect blood, Anhui Province in January 2012 ~2013 year in September Chinese disease prevention and control report system of infectious disease information network reported 267 cases of malaria anticoagulant, case report types include laboratory, clinical and suspected three; 50 cases of non malaria patients blood samples from Furong community health service center.267 cases from the epidemiological survey of parasitic diseases the prevention and control of the information management system. The blood and anticoagulant were microscopy, RDT and PCR detection and rapid detection of contrast reagent strip results with microscopic examination and PCR analysis of the result of the sensitivity and specificity of the hospital and Anhui Provincial Hospital. Feidong County People's Hospital from May 2013 ~2013 year in September 37 cases of malaria patients, diagnosed after continuous blood 7 days, if the patient was cured and discharged, etc., to the microscopic examination and PCR negative time, included in the study. Blood samples were collected using EDTA tube, and the disease Human epidemiological survey was conducted every day. Blood immediately after coated with blood, do RDT at the same time, DNA was extracted by three methods for PCR. detection, observation of different detection methods of negative time is analyzed by SPSS11.5 software using non parametric test (nonparametric tests) compared with Wilcoxon test, P < 0.05 the difference was statistically significant.
缁撴灉鏀堕泦267渚嬬綉鎶ョ梾渚嬬殑琛

本文编号:1622156

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