2010-2015年上海市闵行区麻疹流行病学特征分析

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:43

本文选题：麻疹　切入点：强化免疫　出处：《现代预防医学》2017年03期

【摘要】：目的分析上海市闵行区自2010年大规模麻疹强化免疫后至2015年麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心麻疹专报系统收集2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日闵行区麻疹病例,描述病例的时间、年龄和人群分布等特征。结果 2010-2015年期间上海市闵行区共确诊麻疹病例403例,年平均发病率为2.68/10万。其中2011年发病率最低(0.36/10万),2015年发病数/率均超过历年水平。除2011年外,非户籍流动人员发病率显著高于户籍人口。3月至5月为病例集中出现的高峰。发病年龄主要集中在5岁以下儿童和20~40岁的青壮年。散居儿童、商业服务人员和工人、农民及民工等是麻疹高发人群。44.67%的麻疹病例在发病前7~21天有医院出入史。结论经过2010年麻疹强化免疫活动,闵行区麻疹疫情得到有效控制。但自2012年以后,闵行区麻疹发病情况有所反弹,提示消除麻疹的任务仍然比较艰巨。做好适龄儿童的麻疹常规免疫和流动人口的查漏补种工作,加强院内感染控制,规范麻疹病例管理,有助于阻断麻疹病毒传播,实现消除麻疹的目标。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases from 2010 to 2015 in Minhang District of Shanghai. Methods the measles cases of Minhang District from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 were collected through the measles report system of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the time of the cases was described. Results between 2010 and 2015, there were 403 confirmed measles cases in Minhang District, Shanghai, with an average annual incidence of 26.8 / 100 thousand. The lowest incidence rate was 0.36 / 100 000 in 2011, and the number / rate of incidence in 2015 exceeded the previous year's level. Except for 2011, The incidence rate of non-resident floating population was significantly higher than that of household registration population. The peak of the incidence was from March to May. The onset age was mainly in children under 5 years of age and young adults aged 20 to 40. Children living in the diaspora, business workers and workers, 44.67% of measles cases occurred 721 days before the onset of measles. Conclusion the measles epidemic situation in Minhang District has been effectively controlled after 2010 measles intensified immunization campaign, but since 2012, the measles epidemic in Minhang District has been effectively controlled. The incidence of measles in Minhang District has rebounded, suggesting that the task of eliminating measles is still relatively arduous. We should do a good job in routine measles immunization for children of school age and the inspection and replacement of floating population, strengthen the control of nosocomial infection, and standardize the management of measles cases. It helps to stop the spread of measles virus and achieve the goal of eliminating measles.
【作者单位】：上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：上海市闵行区自然科学研究课题;课题编号:2016MHZ42
【分类号】：R511.1;R181.3

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