许昌市魏都区2005-2012年麻疹流行特征及防控效果评价

发布时间：2018-04-11 16:14

本文选题：麻疹 + 发病率　；参考：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的分析2005-2012年许昌市魏都区麻疹的流行特征并对免疫接种情况进行效果评价,提高对许昌市魏都区麻疹流行现状的认识,掌握近年来本地区麻疹发病的流行特点及规律,为进一步控制本地区麻疹流行及消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法收集2005-2012年许昌市魏都区麻疹发病病例及麻疹疫苗接种资料,使用描述性流行病学方法对本地区麻疹病例的三间分布特征进行分析,包括时间分布、地区分布和人群分布；采用容量比例概率抽样法进行抽样调查,按不同年龄组抽取480名儿童；工具软件采用Exce12003和SPSS12.0,采用x2检验对480名儿童的免疫接种率和麻疹发病率进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果 1.许昌市魏都区2005-2012年麻疹发病呈现明显的季节性,高发季节为春夏季,其中病例以夏季为最多。流行强度为散发和暴发同时存在。 2.麻疹发病在年龄构成上,周岁内儿童的麻疹病例构成比有上升趋势(从2005年41.5%上升至2012年的75%)。在2005-2012年期间,周岁内儿童罹患麻疹的机会逐年升高。 3.麻疹病例中无免疫史病例所占构成比较大(2005-2012年间每年均＞80%)。 4.免疫效果工作评价显示外地户籍和暂住人群中儿童的免疫建卡率和合格接种率均低于本地户籍和常住户籍(P＜0.05)；免疫学评价结果显示散居儿童和外地户籍麻疹抗体阳性率和保护率均低于幼托和本地户籍儿童(P＜0.05)。 5.许昌市魏都区2005-2012年麻疹发病率呈现总体下降趋势,2012年麻疹发病率达到历史最低,为0.90/10万,高于当年全国麻疹发病率0.30/10万,疫情得到了有效控制,本地区近年来麻疹免疫效果显著,但与全国制定的2012年消除麻疹的标准仍有一定差距。结论 1.2005-2012年,许昌市魏都区麻疹流行特点为春夏季高发,发病呈下降趋势,麻疹免疫效果取得了显著成效,因此预防接种仍是控制和消除麻疹的基本免疫策略。但2012年本地区仍有麻疹病例发生,麻疹防控措施需要进一步加强和落实。 2.流动人群是本地区麻疹防控的重点人群,因此加强对流动人口的监控管理和接种服务是控制麻疹发生的根本措施。同时要大力开展麻疹防控和预防接种知识的宣传教育,提高本地区居民对实施麻疹免疫规划的认识,促进全人群自觉接受和参与到麻疹疫苗的预防接种中来,增强居民的麻疹免疫力,逐步实现本地区控制和消除麻疹的目标。
[Abstract]:PurposeThe epidemic characteristics of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed, the effect of immunization was evaluated, the current situation of measles epidemic in Weidu District of Xuchang City was improved, and the epidemic characteristics and regularity of measles incidence in this area were grasped in recent years.To provide scientific basis for further control of measles epidemic and elimination of measles in this area.MethodThe data of measles incidence and measles vaccination in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 were collected, and the three distribution characteristics of measles cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, including time distribution, regional distribution and population distribution.The capacity proportional probability sampling method was used to sample 480 children according to different age groups, and the tool software Exce12003 and SPSS 12.0 were used to analyze the immunization coverage rate and measles incidence rate of 480 children by means of x2 test, and the test level was 伪 0.05.Result1.The incidence of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 showed obvious seasonality, and the high incidence season was spring and summer, in which the most cases were in summer.The epidemic intensity is both sporadic and outbreak.2.Measles incidence in age composition, the proportion of children within the age of measles cases has an upward trend (from 41.5% in 2005 to 75% in 2012).During the period 2005-2012, children's risk of measles increased year by year.3.The proportion of measles cases with no history of immunization was more than 80 per year from 2005 to 2012.4.The sex rate and the protection rate were lower than those of the young and local registered children (P < 0.05).5.The incidence of measles in the Weidu District of Xuchang City showed an overall downward trend from 2005 to 2012. The measles incidence rate reached a historical low of 0.90 / 100,000 in 2012, which is higher than the national measles incidence rate of 0.30 / 100,000 in that year. The epidemic situation has been effectively controlled.The effect of measles immunization in this area is remarkable in recent years, but there is still a certain gap with the standard of measles elimination formulated by the whole country in 2012.Conclusion1. From 2005 to 2012, the epidemic characteristics of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City were high in spring and summer, the incidence of measles decreased, and the effect of measles immunization achieved remarkable results. Therefore, vaccination is still the basic immunization strategy to control and eliminate measles.However, there are still measles cases in the region in 2012, measles prevention and control measures need to be further strengthened and implemented.2.The floating population is the key population of measles prevention and control in this area, so strengthening the monitoring and management of the floating population and inoculation service is the basic measure to control the occurrence of measles.At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously carry out publicity and education on measles prevention and control and vaccination knowledge, to raise the awareness of local residents on the implementation of measles immunization programs, and to promote the voluntary acceptance and participation of the whole population in measles vaccination.To enhance the immunity of residents to measles and gradually achieve the goal of controlling and eliminating measles in the region.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R511.1

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