2012-2016年无锡市水痘流行病学特征分析

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:33

本文选题：水痘 + 流行病学特征　；参考：《现代预防医学》2017年19期

【摘要】：目的分析2012-2016年无锡市水痘流行病学特征,为制定水痘防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2012-2016年无锡市水痘监测数据进行分析。结果全市共报告水痘病例19 318例,年平均发病率60.04/10万,所辖7个县区均有水痘病例报告,发病率前3位为惠山区、滨湖区和新吴区。全年12个月均有病例发生,呈双峰分布,高峰分别为5-6月和11-12月。发病年龄集中在4-20岁间,占全部病例数的79.53%,男性病例数高于女性,男女性别比1.23∶1。发病人群主要集中在学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童,其中学生病例数最多,占全部病例数的51.94%。共报告水痘暴发疫情40起,涉及病例950人,每起疫情平均持续34.53天。5年间共使用水痘疫苗233689支,疫苗使用量逐年下降,年均疫苗接种率0.73%,而同期水痘发病率逐年上升,两者存在负相关。结论无锡市水痘发病率较高,建议适时调整免疫规划策略,将水痘疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,针对适龄儿童实施2剂次疫苗免疫接种,同时应加强教育机构的水痘疫情监测与应急处置。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Wuxi city from 2012 to 2016, and to provide scientific basis for formulating the strategy of preventing and controlling chickenpox.Methods the surveillance data of chickenpox in Wuxi city from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 19,318 chickenpox cases were reported in the whole city, with an average annual incidence of 60.04 / 100 000. All the seven counties and districts under their jurisdiction reported varicella cases. The top 3 incidence rates were in Huishan District, Binhu District and Xinwu District.Cases occurred in 12 months of the year, with a bimodal distribution, with peaks ranging from May to June and from November to December.The onset age ranged from 4 to 20 years old, accounting for 79.53 of the total cases. The number of male cases was higher than that of women, and the ratio of male to female was 1.23: 1.The incidence of the disease was mainly in students, young children and children living in the diaspora, among which the number of student cases was the most, accounting for 51.94% of the total cases.A total of 40 outbreaks of chickenpox were reported, involving 950 cases. A total of 233689 varicella vaccines were used in each outbreak during an average period of 34.53 days. The use of varicella vaccine decreased year by year, and the average annual vaccination coverage rate was 0.73. In the same period, the incidence of varicella increased year by year.There is a negative correlation between the two.Conclusion the incidence of chickenpox is high in Wuxi city. It is suggested that immunization planning strategy should be adjusted timely, varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization plan, and 2 doses of vaccination should be carried out for children of school age.At the same time, we should strengthen the surveillance and emergency treatment of chickenpox in educational institutions.
【作者单位】：无锡市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R181.3;R511.5

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