免疫接种对南昌市甲型肝炎流行病学特征影响

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:03

本文选题：免疫接种 + 甲型肝炎　；参考：《现代预防医学》2017年12期

【摘要】：目的分析南昌市2004-2015年甲型肝炎流行情况,了解甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划前、后南昌市甲型肝炎流行病学特征,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2004-2015年南昌市甲型肝炎疫情进行统计分析,采用SPSS 18.0软件对甲型肝炎疫苗纳入免疫规划前(2004-2007年)、后(2008-2015年)甲型肝炎流行病学特征数据进行分析。结果甲型肝炎发病无明显季节性,甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后,甲型肝炎年平均发病率由9.47/10万降低为1.34/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.40,P0.05);地区分布由各地区分布有统计学差异(χ~2=173.92,P0.001)改变为各地区分布无统计学差异(χ~2=7.82,P0.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);年龄分布主要表现为0~和20岁~组发病构成比降低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=118.09,P0.001),而性别(χ~2=1.61,P0.05)和职业分布(χ~2=18.63,P0.05)改变没有统计学意义。结论甲型肝炎疫苗免疫接种对控制甲肝流行取得较好效果,目前南昌市甲型肝炎处于低流行状态。建议在加强甲肝疫苗常规免疫接种基础上,针对农民和学生等高危人群应采取针对性的防控措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Nanchang city from 2004 to 2015, and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Nanchang city before and after the introduction of hepatitis A vaccine into the immunization program, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Nanchang city from 2004 to 2015. SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the epidemiological data of hepatitis A vaccine from 2004 to 2007 before immunization planning and from 2008 to 2015. Results there was no significant seasonal incidence of hepatitis A. after the hepatitis A vaccine was introduced into the immunization program, the annual average incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 94.7% / 100 000 to 1.34% / 100 000. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 6.40 / P _ (0.05), P _ (0.05)) and the regional distribution was changed from each region (蠂 ~ 2 / 173.92 / P _ 0.001) to no statistical difference (蠂 ~ (27.82) / P _ (0.05)), and the age distribution was mainly characterized by a decrease in the incidence composition ratio between 0 ~ and 20 years old group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (蠂 ~ 27.82 / P _ 0.05), the age distribution showed a decrease in the incidence composition ratio between 0 ~ and 20 years old group. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2 / 118.09 / P 0.001), but there was no significant difference in sex (蠂 2 1.61 / P 0.05) and occupation distribution (蠂 2 / 18.63 / P 0.05). Conclusion Immunization of hepatitis A vaccine has a good effect on controlling the epidemic of hepatitis A, and hepatitis A in Nanchang City is in a low epidemic state at present. On the basis of strengthening the routine immunization of hepatitis A vaccine, the prevention and control measures should be taken for the high risk groups such as farmers and students.
【作者单位】：南昌市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科;
【基金】：江西省卫生计生委科技计划(20152014)
【分类号】：R186;R512.61

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