2014年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

发布时间：2018-05-25 00:07

本文选题：血吸虫病 + 疫情　；参考：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2015年06期

【摘要】：本文通报了2014年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和81个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2014年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省(直辖市、自治区)已达到传播阻断标准,四川、云南、江苏及湖北4省已达到传播控制标准,安徽、江西和湖南3省尚处于疫情控制阶段。全国共有453个血吸虫病流行县(市、区),流行县总人口2.51亿人;流行村30 048个,流行村总人口6 850.73万人。全国453个流行县(市、区)中,313个(占69.09%)达到传播阻断标准;135个(占29.80%)达到传播控制标准;疫情控制县(市、区)数由2013年的34个减少至5个(占1.10%)。2014年,全国推算血吸虫病人115 614人,较2013年的184 943人减少了37.49%;报告急性血吸虫病2例,较2013年减少7例;现存晚期血吸虫病30 880例;2014年全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病9 461 348人,共发现粪检阳性者8 270人,比2013年的16 865人减少了50.96%。2014年全国共有20 123个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,5 653个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的28.09%;共新查出13个有螺村;共查螺576 506.37 hm2,发现钉螺面积364 324.42 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积531.13 hm2,未发现感染性钉螺;血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛919 579头,共检查耕牛494 620头,发现粪检阳性耕牛666头。2014年,全国81个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.11%和0.05%,未发现感染性钉螺。2014年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人280 855例,扩大化疗2 565 555人次;治疗病牛798头,扩大化疗耕牛408 690头次;开展药物灭螺总面积138 923.90 hm2,实际药物灭螺74 538.17 hm2,环境改造灭螺5 331.42 hm2。疫情数据分析显示,全国血吸虫病疫情进一步下降,但血吸虫病传播风险在局部地区仍然较大,仍需要加大防治及监测工作力度。
[Abstract]:This paper reports the national schistosomiasis epidemic situation in 2014, and summarizes and analyzes the national schistosomiasis prevention and control data and the surveillance data of 81 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. By the end of 2014, among the 12 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government, autonomous regions), Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions directly under the Central Government) had met the criteria of blocking transmission of schistosomiasis. Four provinces of Jiangsu and Hubei have reached the standard of transmission control, and the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan are still in the stage of epidemic control. There are 453 schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts and counties) with a total population of 251 million, and 30 048 endemic villages with a total population of 68.5073 million. Of the 453 endemic counties (cities, districts) in the country, 313 (69.09) have reached the transmission blocking standard; 135 (29.80) have reached the transmission control standard; and the number of epidemic control counties (cities, districts) has decreased from 34 in 2013 to 5 (1.10%) in 2014, A total of 115,614 people with schistosomiasis were estimated at the national level, a decrease of 37.49 compared with 184,943 in 2013; 2 cases of acute schistosomiasis were reported, 7 fewer than in 2013; 30,880 cases of advanced schistosomiasis were reported; and 9,461,348 cases of schistosomiasis were detected in the whole country in 2014. A total of 8 270 positive individuals were found in fecal examination, which was 50.96% less than 16 865 in 2013. In 2014, 20 123 endemic villages conducted snail distribution investigation in 5 653 villages, accounting for 28.09% of the total number of snails detected, 13 new snail villages were detected. A total of 576 506.37 hm2s were found, and the snail area was 364 324.42 hm2.Among them, the newly discovered snail area was 531.13 hm2, and no infected snail was found, while 919 579 cattle were found in the schistosomiasis endemic area, a total of 494,620 cattle were examined, and 666 positive cultivated cattle were found in fecal examination in 2014. The average infection rate of schistosomiasis in 81 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in China was 0.11% and 0.05%, respectively, and no infected snails were found. In 2014, 280,855 cases of schistosomiasis were treated and 2,565,555 people were treated with expanded chemotherapy, and 798 infected cattle were treated. The total area of molluscicidal drug was 138 923.90 hm2, the actual drug killing snail 74 538.17 hm2, and the environmental modification 5 331.42 hm2. The analysis of epidemic data shows that the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in China is further reduced, but the risk of schistosomiasis transmission is still large in local areas, so it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control and surveillance of schistosomiasis.
【作者单位】：国家卫生和计划生育委员会疾病预防控制局;中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所世界卫生组织疟疾、血吸虫病和丝虫病合作中心卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004220) 中英全球卫生支持项目(GHSP-CS-OP1-01)
【分类号】：R532.21

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