珠海市101例艾滋病病毒职业暴露者暴露特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 11:56

本文选题：HIV + 职业暴露　；参考：《华南预防医学》2016年01期

【摘要】：目的分析珠海市艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业暴露者的暴露特征,探讨预防方法。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对珠海市2003—2014年报告的所有HIV职业暴露个案资料进行统计分析。结果 101例HIV职业暴露者中,男性49例,女性52例,男女性别比为0.94∶1;年龄中位数为29岁;暴露者职业以医务人员最多,共67例,占66.3%,其次为警务人员26例,占25.7%。暴露发生的时段主要是08∶00—11∶59和14∶00—15∶59,共57例,占56.4%;暴露方式以针刺或锐器割伤为主,共61例,占60.4%;暴露级别以一级暴露为主,共51例,占50.5%。暴露发生后,64.4%(65/101)的暴露者对暴露部位进行了正确的应急处理,70.3%(71/101)的暴露者实施了预防用药。随访至6个月时未发现职业暴露感染个案。医务人员接受过艾滋病安全操作培训的比例(68.7%)高于警务人员(26.9%)和其他职业者(25.0%),医务人员在暴露发生后正确对暴露部位进行紧急处理的比例(73.1%)也高于警务人员(38.5%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论医务人员和警务人员是珠海市HIV职业暴露的最主要职业群体,今后应对该人群加强职业暴露防护和应急处置培训,提高相关职业人群的自我保护意识和应急处理技能。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV / AIDS in Zhuhai and to explore the preventive methods. Methods all HIV occupational exposure cases reported in Zhuhai from 2003 to 2014 were statistically analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results there were 49 males and 52 females with male to female ratio of 0.94: 1 and median age of 29 years in 101 cases of HIV occupational exposure. Medical workers were the most exposed, accounting for 66.3%, followed by police officers in 26 cases (25.7%). The main periods of exposure were 0800-11: 59 and 14: 00-15: 59, 57 cases (56.4%), 61 cases (60.4%) with acupuncture or sharp cutting, 51 cases (50.5%) with primary exposure. After exposure, 64.4% and 65% / 101) of the exposed persons carried out correct emergency treatment of the exposed sites and 70.33% of the exposed persons implemented prophylactic medication. No cases of occupational exposure infection were found at 6 months follow-up. The proportion of medical personnel who have received training in AIDS safety operation (68.7%) is higher than that of police personnel (26.9%) and other professionals (25.0%). The proportion of medical personnel who correctly handle the exposed areas after exposure is 73.1%), which is also higher than that of police officers (38.5%). The difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). Conclusion Medical staff and police personnel are the most important occupational groups in HIV occupational exposure in Zhuhai. In the future, we should strengthen the training of occupational exposure protection and emergency management, and improve the self-protection consciousness and emergency handling skills of the relevant occupational groups.
【作者单位】：珠海市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R512.91

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