东洞庭湖垸外洲滩钉螺自然消亡及其对血吸虫病疫情影响的研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 09:50
【摘要】：血吸虫病是一种人畜共患寄生虫病。我国血吸虫病流行情况目前仍比较严重,主要分布以湖沼型流行区为主的湖南、湖北、安徽、江西、江苏以及以山区型流行区为主的云南、四川两省。钱粮湖地区位于东洞庭湖之西北角,历史上一直为钉螺密布的血吸虫病易感地带。本文旨在研究钱粮湖地区钉螺自然消长的情况及其对血吸虫病疫情的影响,探索钉螺自然消亡的可能原因,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。整个研究分为3部分：第一部分东洞庭湖钱粮湖地区垸外洲滩钉螺自然消长情况分析目的了解东洞庭湖钱粮湖地区垸外钉螺自然消长的变化情况,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法回顾性收集1988-2011年间钱粮湖地区垸外的查螺资料,逐年比较螺情指标的变化趋势,并对这些螺情指标进行相关性分析。结果1988-2011年垸外洲滩每年查螺面积未变化,均为433.2 hm2。1988-1998年活螺平均密度、钉螺感染率变化趋势不明显(P0.05),但钉螺死亡率有下降趋势(P0.05)；感染性钉螺密度与钉螺死亡率(R=0.640,P0.05)、钉螺感染率(R=0.639,P0.05)和活螺平均密度(R=0.646,P0.05)呈正相关,未发现其它螺情指标之间存在明显的相关关系；1999年查螺仅发现7只钉螺,其中1只活螺,无感染性钉螺；2000-2011每年均未查到活螺。结论钱粮湖垸外洲滩1988-1998年活螺平均密度变化不明显,1999年钉螺数量骤减,直至目前仍维持无螺状态。第二部分东洞庭湖钉螺自然消亡地区单壳类软体动物分布调查目的了解东洞庭湖钉螺自然消亡地区单壳类软体动物的分布,探索钉螺消亡的可能原因,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法于2013年8月对钱粮湖、建新、君山公园地区进行水体单壳类软体动物调查,对样本进行分类鉴定后,对数据进行Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验和非参数检验。应用生物多样性指数对不同现场的生物多样性进行比较。结果所收集的样本初步鉴定为腹足纲3科6种：圆口螺科包括湖北钉螺,豆螺科包括纹沼螺、长角涵螺、中华沼螺、赤豆螺,椎实螺科一种未鉴定到种,暂定为萝卜螺。君山公园外洲水体共采集到单壳类软体动物4553只,其中钉螺1 264只；建新未采集到钉螺,其余单壳类软体动物共计336只；而钱粮湖仅采集到7只长角涵螺、2只中华沼螺和1只纹沼螺。3个现场螺类分布的差异有统计学意义(,=166.225,P0.01)。钱粮湖地区、建新地区及君山公园的辛普森多样性指数分别为0.4028、0.7186及0.6788,香农-威纳多样性指数分别为0.7215、1.4313及1.1999。结论钱粮湖地区钉螺消亡的同时,其他种类单壳类软体动物无论是种类上还是数量上都已十分稀少,两者原因是否相关还有待进一步研究。第三部分东洞庭湖钉螺自然消亡对血吸虫病疫情的影响分析目的了解东洞庭湖钉螺消亡地区血吸虫病疫情的变化情况,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法选取钉螺消亡的钱粮湖地区作为实验现场,同时选取相邻有螺分布的柳林洲地区作为对照现场,回顾性地分别收集两个现场1998-2010年间每年的居民感染率、家畜感染率及螺情等血吸虫病疫情资料,逐年比较疫情指标的变化趋势。结果1998-2010年钱粮湖地区和柳林洲地区的居民感染率、家畜感染率均有下降趋势(P0.05)。其中,1998年两地区的居民感染率无显著差异(P0.05)；而自2004年起钱粮湖地区的居民感染率和家畜感染率显著低于柳林洲地区(P0.05)；1998年钱粮湖地区活螺平均密度为0.434只/0.1m2,之后每年活螺平均密度一直为0；而柳林洲地区活螺平均密度1998-2003年一直在0.3只/框左右,到2004-2010年上升到1只/框以上,最高时达到2.384只/框。结论钉螺消亡可以降低钱粮湖地区居民血吸虫病感染率和牛血吸虫病感染率。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in China is still serious. It mainly distributes in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Qianlianghu region is located in the northwest corner of Dongting Lake, and has been a nail in history. Schistosomiasis susceptible areas are densely populated with snails. The purpose of this paper is to study the natural growth and decline of snails in Qiandongliang Lake area and its influence on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis, to explore the possible reasons for the natural disappearance of snails, and to provide reference for the formulation of schistosomiasis control strategies. Objective To understand the natural fluctuation of Oncomelania snails on the beach and provide reference for the formulation of schistosomiasis control strategies in Qianlianghu area of Dongting Lake. Results The average density of live snails was 433.2 hm2.1988-1998, and the change trend of snail infection rate was not obvious (P 0.05), but the mortality of snails decreased (P 0.05); the density of infectious snails and the mortality of snails (R = 0.640, P 0.05), and the infection rate of snails (R = 0.639, P 0.05). There was a positive correlation between P 0.05 and the average density of live snails (R = 0.646, P 0.05), but no significant correlation was found between the average density of live snails and other snails. The number of Oncomelania hupensis decreased sharply in the past nine years, and it still remained in a snail-free state until now. The second part is the investigation of the distribution of unishell molluscs in the natural extinction area of Oncomelania hupensis in Dongting Lake. Methods In August, 2013, a survey of unishell mollusks in Qianlianghu, Jianxin and Junshan Park was carried out. After classifying and identifying the samples, Shapiro-Wilk normal test and non-parametric test were performed on the data. Biodiversity indices were used to compare the biodiversity of different sites. There are 6 species in 3 families of Gastropoda: Oncomelania hupehensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, and Oncomelania. A total of 4553 mollusks, including 1 264 Oncomelania, were collected from the waters outside Junshan Park. There were 336 mollusks in Qianlianghu Lake, but only 7 snails, 2 snails and 1 snail were collected from Qianlianghu Lake. The distribution of three snails in Qianlianghu Lake area was statistically significant (= 166.225, P 0.01). Simpson diversity indices of Jianxin area and Junshan Park were 0.4028, 0.7186 and 0.6788, respectively. ConclusionWhile the snails were extinct in Qianlianghu area, the other species of univalve molluscs were scarce both in species and quantity. Whether the two causes were related remains to be further studied. Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation in the area of snail extinction in Dongting Lake and provide reference for formulating schistosomiasis control strategies. Results From 1998 to 2010, the infection rates of residents in Qianlianghu and Liulinzhou areas were all declining (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the infection rates between the two areas in 1998 (P 0.05). The average density of live snails in Qianlianghu area was 0.434/0.1m2 in 1998, and the average density of live snails in Liulinzhou area was about 0.3/frame in 1998-2003, and increased to 2004-2010. Conclusion The extinction of Oncomelania hupensis can reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis and bovine schistosomiasis.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R532.21
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in China is still serious. It mainly distributes in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Qianlianghu region is located in the northwest corner of Dongting Lake, and has been a nail in history. Schistosomiasis susceptible areas are densely populated with snails. The purpose of this paper is to study the natural growth and decline of snails in Qiandongliang Lake area and its influence on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis, to explore the possible reasons for the natural disappearance of snails, and to provide reference for the formulation of schistosomiasis control strategies. Objective To understand the natural fluctuation of Oncomelania snails on the beach and provide reference for the formulation of schistosomiasis control strategies in Qianlianghu area of Dongting Lake. Results The average density of live snails was 433.2 hm2.1988-1998, and the change trend of snail infection rate was not obvious (P 0.05), but the mortality of snails decreased (P 0.05); the density of infectious snails and the mortality of snails (R = 0.640, P 0.05), and the infection rate of snails (R = 0.639, P 0.05). There was a positive correlation between P 0.05 and the average density of live snails (R = 0.646, P 0.05), but no significant correlation was found between the average density of live snails and other snails. The number of Oncomelania hupensis decreased sharply in the past nine years, and it still remained in a snail-free state until now. The second part is the investigation of the distribution of unishell molluscs in the natural extinction area of Oncomelania hupensis in Dongting Lake. Methods In August, 2013, a survey of unishell mollusks in Qianlianghu, Jianxin and Junshan Park was carried out. After classifying and identifying the samples, Shapiro-Wilk normal test and non-parametric test were performed on the data. Biodiversity indices were used to compare the biodiversity of different sites. There are 6 species in 3 families of Gastropoda: Oncomelania hupehensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, Oncomelania chinensis, and Oncomelania. A total of 4553 mollusks, including 1 264 Oncomelania, were collected from the waters outside Junshan Park. There were 336 mollusks in Qianlianghu Lake, but only 7 snails, 2 snails and 1 snail were collected from Qianlianghu Lake. The distribution of three snails in Qianlianghu Lake area was statistically significant (= 166.225, P 0.01). Simpson diversity indices of Jianxin area and Junshan Park were 0.4028, 0.7186 and 0.6788, respectively. ConclusionWhile the snails were extinct in Qianlianghu area, the other species of univalve molluscs were scarce both in species and quantity. Whether the two causes were related remains to be further studied. Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation in the area of snail extinction in Dongting Lake and provide reference for formulating schistosomiasis control strategies. Results From 1998 to 2010, the infection rates of residents in Qianlianghu and Liulinzhou areas were all declining (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the infection rates between the two areas in 1998 (P 0.05). The average density of live snails in Qianlianghu area was 0.434/0.1m2 in 1998, and the average density of live snails in Liulinzhou area was about 0.3/frame in 1998-2003, and increased to 2004-2010. Conclusion The extinction of Oncomelania hupensis can reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis and bovine schistosomiasis.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R532.21
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