沈阳市某医院231例麻疹病例临床特征分析

发布时间：2018-10-18 17:20

【摘要】：目的：通过分析沈阳市某医院住院的231例麻疹病例临床特征，为制定控制和消除麻疹措施提供依据。方法：收集2013年11月至2014年5月沈阳市某医院共收治的231例麻疹患者的病例资料，分别统计其发病年龄、疫苗接种情况、麻疹病人接触史、临床表现、实验室检查，分析其流行病学变化、临床特征变化。结果：本次麻疹发病的年龄分布和以往不同，病人中成人病例所占比例较高，，其次为24个月以下的患儿，成人麻疹病例所占的比例高于儿童。麻疹患者中居前两位的职业是无职业者和农民，麻疹病人中有麻疹疫苗免疫史的病例较少。临床表现中大多数病例都有麻疹的前驱期症状，除了发热、咳嗽、口腔黏膜Koplik’s斑等典型症状外，还有大部分的麻疹病人在发病前驱期出现腹泻症状，腹泻比例明显高于以往调查。儿童麻疹与成人麻疹前驱期症状流涕、头痛、咽痛、扁桃体肿大、恶心呕吐发生率差异具有统计学意义。麻疹并发症方面情况，本次麻疹住院病例并发症主要有喉炎、肺炎、中毒性肝炎，麻疹所引起的并发症在儿童与成人的发生率的差异没有统计学意义。结论：本次麻疹病人中成人麻疹病例所占的比例明显高于儿童。麻疹病人中有麻疹疫苗免疫史的病例较少，计划免疫工作还存在一定的缺陷。临床表现中大多数病例都有麻疹的前驱期症状，除了发热、咳嗽、口腔黏膜Koplik’s斑等典型症状外，腹泻比例明显高于以往调查。并发症主要有喉炎、肺炎、中毒性肝炎。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the clinical characteristics of 231 measles cases in a hospital in Shenyang. Methods: from November 2013 to May 2014, 231 patients with measles were collected from a hospital in Shenyang, and their age of onset, vaccination status, history of contact with measles patients, clinical manifestation and laboratory examination were analyzed. The changes of epidemiology and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: the age distribution of measles incidence was different from that in the past. The proportion of adult measles cases was higher than that of children under 24 months, and the proportion of adult measles cases was higher than that of children. The top two occupations among measles patients were unemployed and farmers, and fewer measles patients had a history of measles vaccination. In the clinical manifestations, most of the cases have the symptoms of measles, in addition to the typical symptoms such as fever, cough, oral mucosal Koplik's spots, and so on, most of the measles patients also have diarrhea symptoms during the pre-onset period. The incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher than that of previous surveys. There were significant differences in the incidence of runny, headache, pharynx, tonsillitis, nausea and vomiting between children and adults. The complications of measles are laryngitis, pneumonia, toxic hepatitis and measles. There is no significant difference between children and adults in the incidence of complications caused by measles. Conclusion: the proportion of adult measles cases is significantly higher than that of children. There are few cases with measles vaccination history among measles patients, and there are some defects in the planned immunization work. Most of the cases had the preclinical symptoms of measles, except fever, cough, oral mucosal Koplik's spot and other typical symptoms, diarrhea rate was significantly higher than the previous investigation. Complications include laryngitis, pneumonia and toxic hepatitis.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R511.1

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