2014年云南省血吸虫病重点环境哨鼠监测与风险分析

发布时间：2018-10-20 15:24

【摘要】：目的建立和完善云南省血吸虫病监测预警机制,及时发现可疑高危环境,预防人畜感染。方法选择云南省大理州巍山县、洱源县和大理市3个疫情较重县(市)的8个村庄作为监测点,开展重点水域哨鼠预警监测。对回收饲养后成活的哨鼠进行解剖观察,并用ELISA方法检测哨鼠血清抗体。同时记录分析监测点水域周围居民和家畜接触疫水情况,并综合近3年疫情资料进行风险评估。结果共投放哨鼠300只,哨鼠总回收率为94.67%,总死亡率为8.80%。未发现血清抗体阳性和解剖阳性哨鼠。接触疫水人员主要为村民、学生、儿童和渔民,接触方式主要为洗手洗脚、收种作物、捕鱼、洗菜和游泳等。监测点近3年钉螺面积、人群感染率和耕牛感染率均呈下降趋势,但仍存在一定的传播风险。结论 3个监测县(市)血吸虫病传播得到有效控制,但仍需加强以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to establish and improve the surveillance and early warning mechanism of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province to detect suspicious high risk environment in time and to prevent human and animal infection. Methods 8 villages in Weishan County, Eryuan County and Dali City, Yunnan Province were selected as monitoring points to carry out sentinel rat early warning monitoring in key waters. The surviving sentinel rats were dissected and the serum antibodies were detected by ELISA method. At the same time, the exposure of residents and livestock to epidemic water was recorded and analyzed, and the risk assessment was carried out according to the data of epidemic situation in recent 3 years. Results the total recovery rate of sentinel rats was 94.677.The total mortality was 8.80%. No seropositive and anatomic positive sentinel rats were found. Contact with infected water mainly for villagers, students, children and fishermen, contact mainly for washing hands and feet, harvest crops, fishing, vegetables and swimming. The area of Oncomelania hupensis, the infection rate of population and the infection rate of cultivated cattle all showed a downward trend in recent three years, but there was still some risk of transmission. Conclusion the transmission of schistosomiasis in three surveillance counties (cities) is effectively controlled, but it is still necessary to strengthen the comprehensive control measures based on the control of the source of infection.
【作者单位】：云南省地方病防治所;云南省大理市血吸虫病防治站;云南省洱源县血吸虫病防治站;云南省巍山县血吸虫病防治站;
【分类号】：R532.21

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