安徽省黄山市甲肝流行病学调查及免疫策略研究
发布时间：2019-06-27 18:59
【摘要】：目的 研究黄山市甲肝流行病学特征,了解黄山市健康人群甲型肝炎抗体水平及影响滴度因素,了解甲型肝炎疫苗的免疫状况,分析健康人群发生HAV自然感染的影响因素,为甲肝防控提供科学依据。 方法 对黄山市2004-2011年甲肝疫情资料进行流行病学分析；用分层整群随机抽样的方法,以黄山市健康人群为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集研究对象的人口学和饮食行为等相关信息,用ELISA方法定性检测调查对象血清样本中的甲型肝炎抗体及滴度水平,分析影响研究对象HAV自然感染的因素。 结果 2004-2011年黄山市甲肝年均发病率为2.00/10万,以黟县最高为2.39/10万,发病率由2004年的4.71/10万降至2011年的0.66/10万；共纳入调查对象1622名,甲型肝炎总抗体阳性为926名,阳性率为57.09%。调查对象中甲型肝炎总抗体阳性率最高为6-10岁年龄组,阳性率90.98%,最低为16-20岁年龄组,阳性为10.69%,20岁以上人群阳性率在70%以上；有甲型肝炎疫苗接种史的人群的甲型肝炎抗体阳性率显著高于无接种记录的对象,接种2针次的甲肝抗体阳转率明显高于接种1针次的,为80.09%,免疫后抗体水平会随着时间推移逐渐下降；使用不卫生厕所、饭前喝便后不洗手、喝生水和健康知识知晓率低等是发生HAV感染的危险因素；20岁以下人群的甲肝抗体滴度水平都以1：5居多,而20岁以上人群的甲肝抗体滴度水平都以1：40居多。结论 黄山市甲肝防制已取得明显成效。既往黄山市的甲型肝炎疫苗接种策略显著提高了儿童和青少年部分年龄组人群的甲型肝炎抗体水平,自然感染的人群甲肝抗体滴度高于接种甲肝疫苗的人群,2针次免疫程序产生的抗体滴度明显好于1针次的,因而说明自然人群感染甲肝病毒获得的免疫力长久,接种甲肝疫苗产生的抗体滴度存在随着时间推移逐渐消退的可能,需要考虑加强免疫,必要是也可对免疫程序进行调整。健康人群中曾获得HAV感染的比率较高,特别是20岁以上人群,大多数人都产生了特异性抗体,显示自然感染过甲肝病毒,此现象应引起足够的重视,做好其防治工作；同时加强食品卫生管理,开展饮食卫生和甲肝防治知识健康教育。继续实行以保护易感人群和切断传播途径为主的综合防制策略,提高预防甲肝的能力。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Huangshan City, to understand the antibody level and titer factors of hepatitis A in healthy people in Huangshan City, to understand the immune status of hepatitis A vaccine, and to analyze the influencing factors of natural infection of HAV in healthy people, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis A. Methods Epidemiological analysis was carried out on the epidemic data of hepatitis A in Huangshan City from 2004 to 2011, and the demographic and dietary behavior of healthy people in Huangshan City were collected by stratified cluster random sampling, and the antibody and titer of hepatitis A in serum samples were qualitatively detected by ELISA, and the factors affecting the natural infection of hepatitis A were analyzed. Results the average annual incidence of hepatitis A in Huangshan City was 2.00 / 100000 in 2004, the highest was 2.39 / 100000 in Yixian County, and the incidence decreased from 4.71 / 100000 in 2004 to 0.66 / 100000 in 2011. A total of 1622 subjects were included in the survey, and the total antibody positive rate of hepatitis A was 926, the positive rate was 57.09%. The positive rate of total antibody against hepatitis A was the highest in the age group of 6 years old and 10 years old, the positive rate was 0998%, the lowest was the age group of 16 years old, the positive rate was 10.69%, and the positive rate of the population over 20 years old was more than 70%. The positive rate of hepatitis A antibody in the population with history of hepatitis A vaccination was significantly higher than that in the subjects without vaccination record, and the positive conversion rate of hepatitis A antibody inoculated with 2 times was significantly higher than that of one injection (80.09%). The antibody level decreased gradually with the passage of time. The risk factors of HAV infection were unsanitary toilet, not washing hands after drinking stool before and after meals, drinking raw water and low awareness rate of health knowledge. The titer of hepatitis A antibody in people under 20 years old was higher than that in people over 20 years old at 1:5, while the titer level of hepatitis A antibody in people over 20 years old was higher than that in people over 20 years old. Conclusion the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Huangshan City has achieved remarkable results. The hepatitis A vaccination strategy in Huangshan City has significantly increased the level of hepatitis A antibody in some age groups of children and adolescents. The titer of hepatitis A antibody in the naturally infected population is higher than that in the population vaccinated with hepatitis A vaccine, and the antibody titer produced by the two immunization procedures is significantly better than that of the first injection, which indicates that the immunity obtained by the natural population infected with hepatitis A virus is long. The antibody titer produced by hepatitis A vaccine may gradually fade with the passage of time. It is necessary to consider strengthening immunization and adjust the immunization procedure. The rate of HAV infection was high in healthy people, especially in people over 20 years old. Most people produced specific antibodies, which showed that they had naturally infected hepatitis A virus, which should be paid enough attention to, and their prevention and control work should be done well. At the same time, food hygiene management should be strengthened and knowledge and health education of diet hygiene and hepatitis A prevention and treatment should be carried out. We will continue to implement comprehensive prevention and control strategies to protect the susceptible population and cut off transmission routes to improve the ability to prevent hepatitis A.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R512.61
本文编号：2507054
[Abstract]:Objective to study the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Huangshan City, to understand the antibody level and titer factors of hepatitis A in healthy people in Huangshan City, to understand the immune status of hepatitis A vaccine, and to analyze the influencing factors of natural infection of HAV in healthy people, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis A. Methods Epidemiological analysis was carried out on the epidemic data of hepatitis A in Huangshan City from 2004 to 2011, and the demographic and dietary behavior of healthy people in Huangshan City were collected by stratified cluster random sampling, and the antibody and titer of hepatitis A in serum samples were qualitatively detected by ELISA, and the factors affecting the natural infection of hepatitis A were analyzed. Results the average annual incidence of hepatitis A in Huangshan City was 2.00 / 100000 in 2004, the highest was 2.39 / 100000 in Yixian County, and the incidence decreased from 4.71 / 100000 in 2004 to 0.66 / 100000 in 2011. A total of 1622 subjects were included in the survey, and the total antibody positive rate of hepatitis A was 926, the positive rate was 57.09%. The positive rate of total antibody against hepatitis A was the highest in the age group of 6 years old and 10 years old, the positive rate was 0998%, the lowest was the age group of 16 years old, the positive rate was 10.69%, and the positive rate of the population over 20 years old was more than 70%. The positive rate of hepatitis A antibody in the population with history of hepatitis A vaccination was significantly higher than that in the subjects without vaccination record, and the positive conversion rate of hepatitis A antibody inoculated with 2 times was significantly higher than that of one injection (80.09%). The antibody level decreased gradually with the passage of time. The risk factors of HAV infection were unsanitary toilet, not washing hands after drinking stool before and after meals, drinking raw water and low awareness rate of health knowledge. The titer of hepatitis A antibody in people under 20 years old was higher than that in people over 20 years old at 1:5, while the titer level of hepatitis A antibody in people over 20 years old was higher than that in people over 20 years old. Conclusion the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Huangshan City has achieved remarkable results. The hepatitis A vaccination strategy in Huangshan City has significantly increased the level of hepatitis A antibody in some age groups of children and adolescents. The titer of hepatitis A antibody in the naturally infected population is higher than that in the population vaccinated with hepatitis A vaccine, and the antibody titer produced by the two immunization procedures is significantly better than that of the first injection, which indicates that the immunity obtained by the natural population infected with hepatitis A virus is long. The antibody titer produced by hepatitis A vaccine may gradually fade with the passage of time. It is necessary to consider strengthening immunization and adjust the immunization procedure. The rate of HAV infection was high in healthy people, especially in people over 20 years old. Most people produced specific antibodies, which showed that they had naturally infected hepatitis A virus, which should be paid enough attention to, and their prevention and control work should be done well. At the same time, food hygiene management should be strengthened and knowledge and health education of diet hygiene and hepatitis A prevention and treatment should be carried out. We will continue to implement comprehensive prevention and control strategies to protect the susceptible population and cut off transmission routes to improve the ability to prevent hepatitis A.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R512.61
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