复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊补饲的应用效果研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 20:00

本文关键词：复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊补饲的应用效果研究　出处：《石河子大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:绿色无污染的添加剂在畜牧生产中已经广泛应用,本论文研究了以苹果酸、半胱胺和糖萜素配制的复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肉品质的影响,同时全面系统地分析了日粮中不同精粗比的条件下,复合营养调控剂对放牧绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,为放牧绵羊科学补饲,合理的营养调控,开发环保型营养调控剂等方面提供参考依据。方法:本论文由四个试验组成:试验一采用两因素交叉设计,进行体外发酵试验。试验二、试验三、试验四均采用单因素完全随机区组设计,且在相同的营养模式和饲喂模式下进行。试验一:复合营养调控剂在不同精粗比条件下,研究其对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响。因素一为不同发酵底物,分别是粗料组(Ⅰ组);粗料+基础精料组(Ⅱ组);粗料+基础精料+复合配方1组(Ⅲ组);粗料+基础精料+复合配方2组(Ⅳ组),因素二为不同精粗比,分别是3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4、7:3。水浴摇床培养72小时后测定发酵液pH值、氨态氮浓度及产气量等指标。试验二:研究复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能的影响。选取健康无病、体重相近的7月龄放牧母羊48只,随机分为4组,分别为不补饲组(Ⅰ组);补饲基础精料组(Ⅱ组);补饲基础精料+复合配方1组(Ⅲ组);补饲基础精料+复合配方2组(Ⅳ组),试验期45天,预饲期5天,正饲期40天。正饲期第1天、第40天进行空腹称重,计算ADG,第40天称重后屠宰,测定胴体重,计算屠宰率、净肉率等指标。试验三:研究复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊血清生化指标的影响。在试验二的基础上,屠宰当天颈静脉采集48只试验羊血清,测定血清中GPT、GOT、Glu、TP、ALB、TC、TG、IgG等指标。试验四:研究复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊肉品质的影响。在试验三的基础上,采集左边胴体背最长肌肌肉样品。对比分析测定肉样水分、DM、EE、CP、Ash、pH值、失水率、剪切力、氨基酸等指标。结果:试验一:随着精粗比例的增加,pH值、NH3-N浓度下降,且精粗比为4:6时,试验Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组分别降低3.23%(P0.05)、2.22%(P0.05);乙酸浓度、乙/丙值、甲烷排出等随着精料比列增加呈下降趋势,丙酸呈升高趋势。试验二:试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26%(P0.05)、3.69%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32%(P0.01)、5.74%(P0.05)。试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46%(P0.05)、10.97%(P0.05)和4.40%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74%(P0.01)、13.22%(P0.05)和18.27%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42(P0.01)、6.00%(P0.05)和3.37%(P0.05)。试验三:在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。试验四:试验Ⅲ组的粗脂肪比Ⅰ组提高27.92%(P0.05),比Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高16.67%(P0.05)和7.85%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质比Ⅰ组提高7.35%(P0.05),比Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高3.94%(P0.05)和2.49%(P0.05);补饲组的剪切力均低于未补饲组(P0.01),试验Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组降低3.98%(P0.05)。试验Ⅳ组的脯氨酸较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别提高38.34%(P0.01)和22.75%(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组的脯氨酸较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别提高19.63%(P0.05)和6.15%(P0.05);其余氨基酸在各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:(1)不同精粗比发酵产物中,补饲复合营养调控剂组可降低NH3-N浓度、乙酸浓度、乙/丙值、甲烷产出,同时升高丙酸浓度,说明复合营养调控剂可改善瘤胃发酵类型,其中预混料中添加0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素的复合营养调控剂组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。(2)复合营养调控剂可提高冷季放牧绵羊的平均日增重,提高放牧绵羊生产力,改善其屠宰性能,其中预混料中添加0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素的复合营养调控剂组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。(3)复合营养调控剂可改善放牧绵羊免疫性能,提高其抗病能力,改善绵羊血清中葡萄糖、脂类、蛋白质等的含量,其中预混料中添加0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素的复合营养调控剂组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。(4)复合营养调控剂可改善绵羊肉质中粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和剪切力,提高绵羊肌内氨基酸含量,改善嫩度风味和营养价值,其中预混料中添加0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素的复合营养调控剂组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Objective: green pollution-free additives have been widely used in animal husbandry, this paper studied the effect of compound nutrition additives to malic acid, cysteamine and Saccharicterpenin preparation on grazing sheep in cold season growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, with comprehensive and systematic analysis of the conditions different ratio of concentrate to roughage diets, the influence of compound nutrition additives on Fermentation of sheep rumen microorganisms in vitro, for grazing sheep scientific feeding, nutrition regulation reasonable and provide reference for the development of environmentally friendly nutrition additives etc.. Methods: This paper was composed of four experiments: the first one was the cross design of two factors, and the experiment was carried out in vitro. Test two, test three, and test four were designed with a single factor completely randomized block, and were carried out in the same nutrition model and feeding mode. Experiment 1: the effect of compound nutrition regulator on rumen fermentation in vitro was studied under the conditions of different concentrate ratio. The first factor is different fermentation substrate, namely coarse material group (group I), coarse material + basic concentrate group (Group II), coarse material + basic concentrate + compound formula 1 group (Group III), coarse material + basic concentrate + compound formula 2 group (Group IV), the factor is two different concentrate and rough ratio, they are 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 respectively. The pH value of the fermentation broth, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the gas yield of the fermentation broth were measured after 72 hours of water bath culture. Test two: the effects of compound nutrition regulator on the growth performance and slaughter performance of sheep in cold season were studied. Healthy disease-free and weight were 7 month old grazing 48 ewes, were randomly divided into 4 groups, were not feeding group (group I); supplement based concentrate group (Group II); feeding based concentrate + compound formula 1 group (Group III); feeding concentrate and composite foundation group 2 (Group IV), the test period of 45 days, pre feeding period of 5 days, the experimental period was 40 days. The experimental period was first days, fortieth days of fasting weighing, calculation of ADG, weighing fortieth days after slaughter, determination of carcass weight, slaughter rate, net meat rate calculation index. Test three: the effect of compound nutrition regulator on serum biochemical indexes of sheep in cold season grazing sheep was studied. On the basis of test two, 48 sheep sera were collected from the jugular vein on the day of slaughter, and the serum levels of GPT, GOT, Glu, TP, ALB, TC, TG and IgG were measured. Experiment four: the effect of compound nutrition regulator on the meat quality of sheep in cold season was studied. On the basis of test three, the muscle samples of the longest muscle of the left carcass were collected. Comparative analysis of determination of moisture, DM, EE, meat CP, Ash, pH value, water loss rate, shear stress, amino acid index. Results: experiment one: with the increase of roughage ratio, pH value, NH3-N concentration decreased, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage is 4:6, the test group compared with group II III and IV group were decreased by 3.23% (P0.05), 2.22% (P0.05); acetic acid concentration, B / C value, with the proportion of methane discharge concentrate increased decreased, propionic acid increased. Experiment two: test group III had the highest weight at the end, increased 6.26% (P0.05) and 3.69% (P0.05) compared with group II and group IV, and the average daily gain of group III was the highest, which was 26.32% (P0.01) and 5.74% (P0.05) higher than group II and group IV, respectively. The test group slaughter rate than group II increased by 4.68% (P0.05); net meat rate than the test group III group and IV group were increased by 18.46% (P0.05), 10.97% (P0.05) and 4.40% (P0.05); group III test carcass net meat weight than group I and group II and IV group were increased by 49.74% (P0.01), 13.22% (P0.05) and 18.27% (P0.05); group III test carcass net meat rate than group I and group II and IV group were increased by 10.42 (P0.01), 6% (P0.05) and 3.37% (P0.05). Experiment three: in the content of serum GLU, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, the test group I, group II, group IV and group III showed an upward trend in turn, while the A/G and TG contents showed a downward trend in turn. Experiment four: crude fat test group III were 27.92% higher than that of group I (P0.05), were increased by 16.67% than group II and group IV (P0.05) and 7.85% (P0.05); crude protein test group III were 7.35% higher than that of group I (P0.05), were increased by 3.94% than group II and Group IV (P0.05) and 2.49% (P0.05); shear force feeding group were lower than those of non feeding group (P0.01), test group than group II III decreased 3.98% (P0.05). Compared with group I and group II, proline of group IV increased by 38.34% (P0.01) and 22.75% (P0.05), respectively. The proline of group III increased by 19.63% (P0.05) and 6.15% (P0.05) compared with group I and group II, and there was no significant difference in other amino acids between groups (P0.05). Conclusion: (1) the different ratio of concentrate to roughage fermentation product, feeding compound nutrition additives can decrease the NH3-N concentration, the concentration of acetic acid, ethylene / propylene, methane output, and increase the concentration of propionic acid, indicating that the composite nutrition agent can improve rumen fermentation type, the premix added 0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine 0.08%, Saccharic-terpenin composite nutrition additives group (test group) the effect of the best. (2) composite nutrition additives can improve the average daily gain of grazing sheep in cold season, improve the productivity of grazing sheep, improve the slaughter performance and the premix added 0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% Sacchariterpenin compound nutrition additives group (test group) the effect of the best. (3) composite nutrition additives can improve the immune function of grazing sheep, improve the disease resistant ability, improve the content of glucose, lipid and protein in sheep serum, the premix added 0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% Sacchariterpenin compound nutrition additives group (test group) the effect of the best. (4) composite nutrition additives can improve the sheep meat quality of crude fat, crude protein and shear stress, increase the content of amino acid in sheep muscle tenderness, improve the flavor and nutritional value, the premix added 0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% sugar compound nutrients control agent group (test group the effect of the best).
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S826.5

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