内蒙古草甸草原区家庭牧场优化模型模拟与证

发布时间：2018-01-20 20:15

本文关键词： 家庭牧场优化模型草畜平衡生产经营　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗锡尼河西苏木巴彦呼硕嘎查草甸草原区家庭牧户为研究对象,通过对当地有关牧场生产经营的数据调查和实地分析后,以该嘎查不同草地利用类型面积的平均值、牲畜存栏总量为依据,计算该嘎查平均载畜率,并以草地面积的平均值和载畜率为模型模拟数据,按照家畜存栏数约430个羊单位,夏季放牧场94 hm2,冬季打草场108 hm2,建立一个典型牧户,利用中国农业科学院草原研究所和内蒙古农业大学开发的模型,并借鉴澳大利亚国际农业研究中心的模型,模拟典型牧户生产经营现状和草畜平衡现状,调整母畜产羔时间、改变草地利用类型、合理减少牲畜数量以及适当补饲精饲料,优化改进典型牧户生产经营现状和草畜平衡现状。与此同时,选取3个典型试验牧户和3个对照牧户对模型模拟的结果进行验证,试验户实施减畜和补饲精饲料两种措施,对照户则仍然按照传统生产经营方式管理牧场。模型分析结果显示,最优化的改进措施是将母畜产羔时间调整至6月份；冬季打草场面积减少30%,夏季放牧场面积增加30%；并将该典型牧户目前的牲畜数量减少47%；加之产羔前一个月给母畜补饲精料,补饲量为0.25kg·d-1,羔羊出售前一个月给待出售羔羊补饲精饲料,补饲量为0.5kg·d-1。通过减畜、补饲、调整产羔时间和改变草地利用类型四种有效途径相结合的生产管理饲养方式,可使牧户净收入达到最大值,草畜能量平衡处于最佳水平。牧场实地验证结果指出试验牧户净收入较未改善前平均增加了1330元,其中试验牧户中净收入增加最高的一户达到2400元,而对照牧户净收入则较之前平均减少了5000元,试验户与对照户牧户净收入平均增加值差异性显著(p0.05)。试验户草畜平衡现状较之前有所改进,而对照户草畜平衡现状基本无变化。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the family herdsmen in the Hulunbeir Ewenki Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia, as the research object, through the data investigation and field analysis on the local pasture production and management. Based on the average area of different grassland utilization types and the total stock of livestock, the average stocking rate of Gacha grassland was calculated, and the simulation data of the average area and stocking rate of grassland were taken as the model data. A typical herder was established according to the number of flocks of about 430 sheep units, 94 hm2 in summer and 108 hm2 in winter. Using the model developed by grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and using the model of Australian International Agricultural Research Center for reference, this paper simulates the production and management status of typical herdsmen and the balance of grass and livestock. Adjust the lambing time of female livestock, change the utilization type of grassland, reasonably reduce the number of livestock and feed concentrate properly, optimize and improve the production and management status of typical herdsmen and the balance of grass and livestock at the same time. Three typical experimental herdsmen and three control herdsmen were selected to verify the results of the model simulation. The results of the model analysis showed that the optimal improvement measure was to adjust the lambing time to June. In winter, the area of pasture decreased by 30%, and the area of pasture increased by 30% in summer. And reduce the current livestock number of the typical herder by 47. In addition, a month before lambing was added to the mother stock, the amount of supplement feed was 0.25 kg 路d ~ (-1), and one month before the lamb was sold, the amount of supplement feed was 0.5 kg 路d ~ (-1) to the lambs to be sold, and the amount of supplementary feed was 0.5 kg 路d ~ (-1). Supplementary feeding, adjusting lambing time and changing grassland utilization type combined with four effective ways of production management and raising, can make the net income of herdsmen reach the maximum. The results of field validation indicated that the net income of the experimental herdsmen increased by 1330 yuan compared with that before the improvement. One household with the highest increase in net income in the pilot pastoral households reached 2400 yuan, while the net income of the contrast pastoral households decreased by 5,000 yuan on average compared with the previous ones. The difference of the average increase value of net income between the experimental households and the control households was significant (p 0.05). The present situation of grass and livestock balance in the experimental households was improved compared with the previous ones, but the balance status of the control households was basically unchanged.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.95

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