中国肉牛养殖技术效率及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:19

本文关键词： 肉牛养殖技术效率效率损失随机前沿生产函数　出处：《中国畜牧杂志》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文利用2004—2014年黑龙江、河南、陕西、宁夏和新疆5个肉牛主产区省份肉牛养殖投入产出的面板数据,采用超越对数函数形式的随机前沿模型,对肉牛养殖技术效率、各投入要素的贡献率以及造成技术效率损失的影响因素进行测算和剖析。研究结果表明:我国肉牛养殖存在较高的技术效率损失,但总体技术效率水平较高,为0.8863;目前技术效率的提高主要依赖于饲草料、基础设施和人工成本的投入,仍处于粗放式劳动密集型阶段;各地区技术效率存在差异,新疆地区技术效率水平最高,其次是黑龙江,宁夏地区技术效率低于全国平均水平;全国平均技术效率年均改善速度为-0.0101%,除新疆以外,均呈现小幅度的技术下滑趋势,相对而言,河南下滑幅度与速率高于其他三省,技术进步速度减缓导致单产提高乏力;规模化比重、良种化程度和科技普及推广对肉牛养殖技术效率呈现正向效应,而人力资本对肉牛养殖技术效率有显著的负向效应。基于以上研究,应加大肉牛养殖科技投入,加强品种选育、改良和技术推广体系建设,制定优势产区发展战略,培育新型职业养殖主体等建议。
[Abstract]:Based on the panel data of beef cattle farming input-output in Heilongjiang, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang from 2004 to 2014, a stochastic frontier model in the form of logarithmic function was used. The technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding, the contribution rate of each input factor and the factors affecting the loss of technical efficiency are calculated and analyzed. The results show that there is a high loss of technical efficiency in beef cattle farming in China. But the overall technical efficiency level is relatively high, is 0.8863; At present, the improvement of technical efficiency mainly depends on the input of forage, infrastructure and labor cost, and is still in the extensive labor-intensive stage. The technical efficiency of Xinjiang is the highest, the next is Heilongjiang, and the technical efficiency of Ningxia is lower than the national average. The average national technical efficiency improved at an average rate of -0.0101, except Xinjiang, all showed a small decline trend of technology, relatively speaking, Henan decline range and rate is higher than the other three provinces. The slow down of technological progress leads to lack of improvement of unit yield; On the basis of the above research, the proportion of scale, the degree of seed improvement and the popularization of science and technology have positive effects on the technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding, while human capital has a significant negative effect on the technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding. We should increase scientific and technological investment in beef cattle breeding, strengthen breed breeding, improvement and technical extension system construction, formulate the development strategy of superior production areas, and cultivate new types of professional breeding main body, and so on.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71273110) 国家现代肉牛牦牛产业技术体系产业经济研究专项(农科教发[2011]3号)
【分类号】：F326.3
【正文快照】： 改革开放至今,中国肉牛业有了巨大的发展,中国已成为世界第三个牛肉生产大国和消费大国。但中国肉牛产业起步较晚,养殖方式一直较为传统和粗放,生产水平与世界发达国家相差甚远。肉牛养殖业产值的增长一方面来自生产投入要素的增加,这种“粗放型”增长方式在一定程度上会造成

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