荷斯坦后备母牛（8~10月龄）物理有效中性洗涤纤维需要量研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:41

本文关键词： 物理有效中性洗涤纤维瘤胃发酵瘤胃细菌后备母牛生长发育　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究不同peNDF水平的全混合日粮(TMR)对后备牛生长发育、血液牛化指标、采食量、采食行为、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和纤维降解菌的影响,并确定8-10月龄后备牛适宜peNDF需要量。选用月龄和体重相近的健康中国荷斯坦后备母牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。本研究通过改变TMR中粗饲料羊草的长度(1cm,3 cm,5 cm,7 cm)来改变peNDF水平,试验采用单因子试验设计,分别饲喂peNDF8.o实测水平为10.78%(S组)、13.50%(MS组)、17.99%(ML组)和19.80%(L组)的四种饲粮,试验期为60 d。结果显示：peNDF水平对各处理组后备牛的干物质采食量(DMI)、中性洗涤纤维采食量(NDFI)和酸性洗涤纤维采食量(ADFI)均无显著影响(P0.05)。瘤胃pH随着peNDF水平的增加而增加(P0.01); peNDF水平对瘤胃液中总VFA含量、乙酸比例和丁酸比例的影响不显著(P0.05)；丙酸比例总体上随着peNDF水平的增加而降低(P0.01); peNDF水平的下降极显著降低了乙酸与丙酸比值(P0.01)；氨态氮浓度随peNDF水平的增加而增加(P0.01)。增加peNDF的水平,瘤胃中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的含量先降低后增加,并且差异极显著(P0.01)；纤维降解菌如黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌和溶纤维丁酸弧菌含量的变化与之相反,呈现先上升后下降的趋势(P0.01)。奶牛的体重、总采食时间、总咀嚼时间、单位DM采食时间和咀嚼时间、单位NDF采食时间和咀嚼时间均随peNDF的水平的增加而显著增加(P0.05),平均日增重、总反刍时间、单位DM反刍时间和单位NDF反刍时间也随peNDF水平的增加而增加,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。peNDF水平的改变,显著影响体高、体斜长、胸围指数和体躯指数(P0.05),但不影响各组奶牛的血液生化指标(P0.05)。随着peNDF水平的增加,DM消化率、CP消化率、NDF消化率和ADF消化率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并且peNDF8.0为13.50%组各营养物质消化率显著高于其他三组(P0.05)。peNDF水平与pH、日增重、总采食时间、总咀嚼时间、单位DM采食和咀嚼时间、单位NDF采食和咀嚼时间之间存在显著正相关关系。综上所述,8-10月龄后备牛适宜peNDF1.18需要量为24.44%～29.01%；peNDF8.o需要量为19.96%～23.79%。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different peNDF levels on growth and development, blood calving index, feed intake, intake behavior and nutrient digestibility of reserve cattle. The effects of rumen fermentation parameters and cellulolytic bacteria on the peNDF requirements of 8 to 10 month old backup cattle were determined. 24 healthy Chinese Holstein backup cows of similar age and weight were selected. Four groups were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 replicates in each group, and 1 repeats in each group. In this study, the length of the crude forage Leymus chinensis in TMR was changed from 1 cm to 3 cm ~ (5 cm). The peNDF level was changed by 7 cm. The single factor design was used in the experiment. The measured level of peNDF8.o was 10.78% in group S and 13.50% in group MS). The experiment period was 60 days. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) of every treatment group was higher than that of the control group (% peNDF level). Both neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) and acid detergent fiber intake (ADFI) had no significant effect on P0.05.The rumen pH increased with the increase of peNDF level (P < 0.05). P0.01; The effect of peNDF level on total VFA content, acetic acid ratio and butyric acid ratio in rumen fluid was not significant (P 0.05). The ratio of propionic acid decreased with the increase of peNDF level. The decrease of peNDF level significantly decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased with the increase of peNDF level, and increased the level of peNDF. The content of filamentous succinate in rumen decreased first and then increased. And the difference was very significant (P 0.01). The content of fibrinolytic bacteria such as xanthococcus albicans and Vibrio fibrinolyticus increased first and then decreased (P0.01). The weight of cows and the total feeding time. The total masticatory time, intake time and masticatory time per unit DM, intake time and masticatory time per unit NDF were significantly increased with the increase of peNDF level, and the average daily gain was increased. The total ruminant time, the ruminant time per unit DM and the ruminant time per unit NDF also increased with the increase of peNDF level, but did not reach the significant level of P0.05U. PeNDF level. The body height, body oblique length, chest circumference index and body body index (P0.05) were significantly affected, but the blood biochemical index (P0.05) was not affected in each group. The digestibility of DM was increased with the increase of peNDF level. The digestibility of CP and ADF increased first and then decreased. And the digestibility of each nutrient in the peNDF8.0 13.50% group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P0.05, pH, daily gain, total feeding time, total chewing time). There was a significant positive correlation between intake time and masticatory time per unit DM, intake time per unit NDF and masticatory time. The suitable peNDF1.18 requirement for 8 to 10 months old reserve cattle was 24.440.29. 01; The peNDF8.o requirement was 19.96 and 23.79.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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