伊犁谷地草地退化因子分析及治理对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 21:52

本文关键词： 伊犁谷地草地退化因子分析防治对策　出处：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：草原作为人类重要的自然和经济资源,如果能够被充分合理利用,将会给牧民生活带来非常重大的经济和生态效益。伊犁谷地拥有很丰富草地资源,但是长期以来,在各种因素的综合作用下,草原出现了严重退化,导致生态环境不断恶化,影响着草原畜牧业的持续发展和牧民收入。因此,研究草地退化原因和分析防治退化策略,对促进草地资源的可持续利用,具有十分可观的现实意义。本文在研究分析草地退化因子的基础上,探讨了防治草地退化的有效对策。主要研究结论如下:(1)引起伊犁谷地草地退化的自然因子中气候因子的影响较小,鼠虫害的影响较大。社会经济因子理论分析结果得知,伊犁谷地社会经济因子是导致草地退化的主要原因,由于人口数量增加,过度放牧,樵采过度等不合理的草地利用造成草地退化。其次,产业结构单一和牧民收入低等因素导致草地退化越来越严重。(2)从因子分析结果得知,引起伊犁谷地草地退化的主要社会经济因子有:人口数量、牲畜总数、产业结构、牧民人均纯收入。灰色关联分析结果表明其影响程度,从大到小依次为:牲畜总数、人口数量、产业结构、牧民人均纯收入。(3)根据以上研究分析结果,从七个方面提出了防治草地退化的有效对策。通过计划生育、以草定畜等手段抑制人口和牲畜数量的增长,减轻草地人口和牲畜压力;科学合理利用天然草地,加强严重退化草地建设,保护轻度、中度退化草地,加大人工草地建植力度,提高草地生产力;改造牧区第一产业,发展现代畜牧业,合理调整畜牧业结构,加强牧业基础设施和高水平饲料工业建设,促进产业化经营;加强以畜产品加工业为主的第二产业发展,积极发展特色旅游业,推动牧区经济增长;加快机构建设步伐,培养科技队伍,提高科技成果实际利用率,设立健全培训机制,推广科学技术;做好草地蝗虫害和鼠害的防治工作,改善草地产权制度;强化牧民草地生态环境保护意识,防治草地资源持续退化。
[Abstract]:Grassland as an important natural and economic resources of human, if it can be fully and reasonably utilized, it will bring great economic and ecological benefits to herdsmen's life. Yili Valley has rich grassland resources. But for a long time, under the comprehensive action of various factors, grassland appeared serious degradation, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment, affecting the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry and herdsmen income. It is of great practical significance to study the causes of grassland degradation and to analyze the strategies of controlling grassland degradation, which is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable utilization of grassland resources. In this paper, the factors of grassland degradation are studied and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the natural factors of grassland degradation in Yili Valley have little effect on climate factors. The social and economic factors of Yili valley are the main causes of grassland degradation, because of the increase of population, overgrazing. Unreasonable grassland utilization caused grassland degradation. Secondly, the single industrial structure and low income of herdsmen caused grassland degradation more and more serious. The main social and economic factors causing grassland degradation in Yili valley are population, total livestock, industrial structure and per capita net income of herdsmen. The order from big to small is: total livestock, population, industrial structure, per capita net income of herdsmen. The effective countermeasures of preventing and controlling grassland degradation were put forward from seven aspects. By means of family planning, the increase of population and livestock was restrained and the pressure of grassland population and livestock was alleviated. Scientific and rational utilization of natural grassland, strengthening of seriously degraded grassland construction, protection of mild and moderate degraded grassland, increasing the establishment of artificial grassland, improving grassland productivity; To transform the primary industry of pastoral areas, develop modern animal husbandry, rationally adjust the structure of animal husbandry, strengthen the construction of animal husbandry infrastructure and high level feed industry, and promote industrialization management; We should strengthen the development of the secondary industry, which is dominated by the processing industry of livestock products, actively develop the tourism with characteristics, and promote the economic growth of pastoral areas. Speed up the pace of institutional construction, train the scientific and technological team, improve the actual utilization rate of scientific and technological achievements, establish and improve the training mechanism, and promote science and technology; To do a good job in the prevention and control of grasshopper and rodent damage and to improve the grassland property rights system; Strengthen herdsmen grassland ecological environmental protection consciousness, control grassland resources continue to degenerate.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

【参考文献】