颈静脉灌注不同模式的氨基酸混合物对泌乳奶牛乳蛋白合成的影响

发布时间：2018-01-30 14:43

本文关键词： 酪蛋白模式理想模式氨基酸混合物灌注奶牛乳蛋白　出处：《动物营养学报》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在比较颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛乳产量、乳成分以及乳腺对氨基酸摄取利用的影响。选择8头泌乳中期[泌乳天数:(82±11)d]荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,试验采用随机区组设计,将试验牛随机分为2组,分别颈静脉灌注160g/d酪蛋白模式(Casein组)和理想模式的氨基酸混合物(R组)。2个试验组分别以各自灌注前作为空白对照组(C1组为Casein组的空白对照组,C2组为R组的空白对照组)。预试期14d,灌注期5d。试验采用全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,以玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、玉米青贮、苜蓿干草和羊草为主要原料,参照NRC(2001)奶牛饲养标准配制。结果表明:灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白产量和含量较灌注前呈上升趋势(乳蛋白产量上升7.14%,P=0.078;乳蛋白含量上升3.27%,P=0.072);并且,奶牛动脉血浆中异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)和组氨酸(His)的浓度较灌注前有不同程度的上升(Ile的浓度提高31.5%,P=0.097;Leu的浓度提高65.9%,P=0.041;Lys的浓度提高36.9%,P=0.088;His的浓度提高40.1%,P=0.010),而苏氨酸(Thr)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)和精氨酸(Arg)的浓度在数值上虽较灌注前高但无显著差异(P0.05)。灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺对天冬氨酸(Asp)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的摄取率显著升高(Asp的摄取率提高95.2%,P=0.031;Cys的摄取率提高49.6%,P=0.031),而奶牛乳腺对甘氨酸(Gly)的摄取率显著降低(降低158.3%,P=0.041)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白含量比灌注前有上升趋势(提高5.78%,P=0.064),而乳脂产量显著低于灌注前(降低8.57%,P=0.015);并且,奶牛动脉血浆中Arg的浓度有上升趋势(提高18.0%,P=0.093),而酪氨酸(Tyr)的浓度呈下降趋势(降低47.8%,P=0.074)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺对谷氨酸(Glu)、Cys和Ile的摄取率显著上升(Glu的摄取率提高118.7%,P=0.015;Cys的摄取率提高77.4%,P=0.032;Ile的摄取率提高46.0%,P=0.012),而奶牛乳腺对Ser的摄取率呈下降趋势(降低56.2%,P=0.052)。灌注氨基酸混合物后,Casein组乳脂产量增量显著高于R组(P=0.012),且Casein组的乳产量增量(P=0.095)和乳糖产量增量(P=0.091)较R组有升高的趋势,而2组间其他指标增量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物均可提高泌乳奶牛的乳蛋白含量,而灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物同时可以促进乳蛋白产量的升高,因此,颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物的效果优于灌注理想模式氨基酸混合物。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of casein pattern and ideal amino acid mixture on milk yield, milk composition and breast uptake and utilization of amino acids in mid lactation Holstein cows. [The lactating days were 82 卤11 days. Holstein cows were randomly divided into 2 groups by randomized block design. Jugular vein infusion of casein (160 g / d casein group) and ideal amino acid mixture (R group). Group C1 was the blank control group of Casein group. C _ 2 group was the blank control group of R group. The control group was fed with TMRs, corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn silage for 14 days and 5 days respectively. Alfalfa hay and Leymus chinensis were used as the main raw materials. The results showed that the amino acid mixture of casein pattern was infused. The yield and content of milk protein showed an increasing trend compared with that before perfusion (the yield of milk protein increased 7.14%) and the content of milk protein increased 7.14% (P < 0.078). The content of milk protein increased by 3.27%, and the content of milk protein increased by 0.072%. In addition, the plasma levels of Ileus and Leu in the arterial plasma of dairy cows were determined. The concentrations of Lyslys and Hisl) increased by 31.5% compared with those before perfusion (P 0.097), and the concentration of Ile increased by 31.5% compared with that before perfusion. The concentration of Leu was increased by 65.9% and 0.041%; The concentration of Lys was increased by 36.9% and 0.088%; The concentration of His was increased by 40.1%, while the concentration of threonine, valine, valine and methionine were increased by 40.1% and 0.010%, respectively. The concentrations of phenylalanine (PHE) and arginine (Arg) were higher than those before perfusion, but there was no significant difference between them. The uptake rate of aspartate and cysteine in mammary gland of dairy cows was significantly higher than that of Asp, and the uptake rate of Asp was increased by 95.2% and 0.031%, respectively. The uptake rate of Cys increased by 49.6% and decreased by 158.3% (P < 0.05), while that of glycine glycine in cow breast decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After perfusing the ideal amino acid mixture, the content of milk protein increased (5.78% P0. 064). The yield of milk fat was significantly lower than that before perfusion (8.57%). Moreover, the concentration of Arg in arterial plasma of dairy cattle showed an upward trend (increase 18.0%), while the concentration of tyrosine tyrosine tyrosine Tyr decreased (47.8%). After perfusing the ideal amino acid mixture, the uptake of glutamate and Ile in the mammary gland of dairy cows increased significantly, and the uptake rate of Glu increased by 118.7%. P0. 015; The uptake rate of Cys was increased by 77.4% and 0.032%. The uptake rate of Ile was increased by 46.0% and 0.012%, while the uptake rate of Ser in dairy cows showed a decreasing trend (decrease 56.2%). After the mixture of amino acids was infused, the uptake rate of Ser was increased. The increment of milk fat yield in Casein group was significantly higher than that in R group (0.012). The milk yield increment of Casein group (P0. 095) and lactose yield increment (P0. 091) were higher than that of group R. However, there was no significant difference in the increment of other indexes between the two groups (P 0.05). Jugular infusion of casein pattern and ideal amino acid mixture can increase the milk protein content of lactating cows, while the infusion of casein model amino acid mixture can also promote the increase of milk protein production. The effect of jugular infusion of casein type amino acid mixture was better than that of ideal amino acid mixture.
【作者单位】：扬州大学动物科学与技术学院;上海光明荷斯坦牧业有限公司;内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100803) 扬州大学高端人才支持计划
【分类号】：S823.5
【正文快照】： 牛乳中含有丰富的营养物质及多种活性物质,对人类的健康起到关键作用。为了进一步提高牛乳中有助于人类健康的营养成分,目前,乳品质量和乳品安全成为研究的首要课题。乳蛋白是构成牛奶营养品质的重要物质基础,也是奶业核心竞争力的标志。乳蛋白对机体获取的可代谢蛋白质或氨基

【相似文献】