干草添加时期对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和瘤胃发育的影响

发布时间：2018-02-04 19:17

本文关键词： 犊牛燕麦干草生产性能瘤胃发育　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：开食料对犊牛瘤胃的早期发育至关重要。然而,哺乳期犊牛只饲喂开食料又会对犊牛的瘤胃发育带来种种不利因素(瘤胃乳头角化不全等)。而干草的添加能够减缓甚至消除这种状况,促进犊牛瘤胃的健康快速发育。因此,本试验旨在给哺乳犊牛饲喂开食料的基础上,通过生长性能测定与屠宰试验,测定犊牛的体增重、采食量、体尺指标、采食行为、瘤胃发酵参数、屠宰指标等,探讨干草的添加时期对犊牛生产性能和瘤胃发育的影响。试验设计如下:试验以燕麦干草为干草源。选用18头荷斯坦奶公犊(试验过程中淘汰一头),体重40kg左右,随机分为三组,每组6头。日粮处理如下:1.对照组只饲喂牛奶和开食料(MS);2.在饲喂牛奶和开食料的基础上,从第二周添加干草(MSO2);3.在饲喂牛奶和开食料的基础上,从第六周添加干草(MSO6)。自由采食开食料和饮水。每天两次饲喂牛奶,每次2L。所有犊牛单栏饲养,均在63日龄断奶,试验结束。每天记录犊牛的采食量和腹泻情况。每两周测量体重和体尺,并采集血清测定生化和激素指标、瘤胃液测量瘤胃pH和挥发性脂肪酸浓度。试验结束前5d,观察犊牛的采食行为。试验结束时,每组随机选择3头犊牛进行屠宰。屠宰后称量各个胃肠道器官的重量、取瘤胃上皮样品做切片观察。试验结果表明,添加干草组犊牛的总的干物质采食量(DMI)、开食料DMI显著高于MS组(P0.01);而MSO2组犊牛的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于其他两组(P0.05);同时,犊牛的ADG随日龄的增加而显著增加。三个处理组间犊牛的体尺指标在各个周龄阶段均差异不显著(P0.05),各指标均随着日龄的增加而增加(P0.01)。MSO6组犊牛的血清血糖浓度和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于MS组和MSO2组(P0.05)。添加干草组的犊牛反刍时间显著高于没添加干草组(P0.01)(MSO2:MS和MSO6:MS分别为2.63、2.02),而花在非营养性采食行为上的时间却显著低于MS组(P0.05)(MSO2:MS和MSO6:MS分别为0.71和0.75)。干草的添加对犊牛的腹泻没有影响(P0.05)。添加干草组犊牛趋于有较高的瘤胃液pH,且随着日龄的增加而降低(P0.01);而总的VFA浓度处理组间差异不显著(P0.05),随着日龄的增加而增加(P0.01)。MSO2组有较大的空体重占体重比重(P0.05)和总的胃肠道重(P0.05)以及复胃空重(P0.05);而MSO6组的胃重和各消化道器官中均与MS类似(P0.05)。犊牛的容积大小各处理组间差异不显著(P0.05),但数值上MSO2MSO6MS(依次为8.1L、7.4L、5.8L)。相比MS组,MSO2组和MSO6组显著降低了瘤胃乳头的宽度(P0.05)和瘤胃上皮的厚度(P0.05);而MSO6组瘤胃角质层厚度显著低于MS组(P0.01);MS组明显出现了斑块的现象,而添加干草组犊牛没有。总的来说,添加干草增加了犊牛的DMI,增加了反刍行为,减少了非营养性采食行为,保证了犊牛瘤胃的健康发育;但就干草添加时期而言,第二周添加干草组比第六周添加组犊牛在生产性能和瘤胃发育上表现要好。
[Abstract]:Diet is essential for early rumen development in calves. The feeding of lactating calves will bring all kinds of unfavorable factors to the rumen development of calves (rumen nipple keratosis etc.) and the addition of hay can slow down or even eliminate this condition. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to feed the suckling calves with open food, and to determine the body weight gain, feed intake and body size index of the calves through growth performance test and slaughter test. Feeding behavior, rumen fermentation parameters, slaughter index and so on. To investigate the effect of the adding period of hay on the production performance and rumen development of calves, the design of the experiment was as follows: the dry oats were used as the hay source and 18 Holstein milk bulls were selected (one was eliminated in the course of the experiment). The body weight was about 40 kg and was randomly divided into three groups, 6 in each group. The diet was treated as follows: 1. The control group was fed only milk and food. 2. On the basis of feeding milk and diet, adding hay mso _ 2 from the second week; 3. On the basis of feeding milk and raw food, we added hay mSO6 from 6th weeks, fed free food and drinking water, and fed milk twice a day, 2L. all calves were fed in a single column. Feed intake and diarrhea of calves were recorded every day. Body weight and body size were measured every two weeks and serum was collected to determine biochemical and hormone indexes. Rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentration were measured in rumen fluid. The feeding behavior of calves was observed 5 days before the end of the trial. Three calves were slaughtered randomly in each group. After slaughter, the weight of each gastrointestinal organ was weighed, and the rumen epithelium samples were taken for slice observation. The total dry matter intake (DMI) of calves supplemented with hay group was significantly higher than that of MS group (P 0.01). The average daily gain of calves in MSO2 group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. At the same time, the ADG of calves increased significantly with the increase of day age. There was no significant difference in body size of calves among the three treatment groups at each week age stage (P0.05). The serum glucose and 尾 -hydroxybutyric acid concentrations of calves increased with the increase of age (P 0.01) and 尾 -hydroxybutyric acid (尾 -hydroxybutyric acid) were significantly lower than those in MS and MSO2 groups (P 0.05). The rumination time of calves added with hay group was significantly higher than that of control group (P 0.01 MSO 2: MS and MSO6:MS 2.63, respectively). 2.02). However, the time spent on non-nutritional feeding behavior was significantly lower than that in MS group (P 0.05), MSO2: Ms and MSO6:MS were 0.71 and 0.75, respectively. The addition of hay had no effect on diarrhea of calves. The pH of rumen fluid tended to be higher in calves added with hay. And with the increase of age, the P0.01U decreased. However, there was no significant difference in total VFA concentration among groups (P0.05). With the increase of age, there were larger proportion of empty weight to body weight (P0.05), total weight of gastrointestinal tract (P0.05) and recombination of empty weight of stomach (P0.05) in P0.01U 路MSO2 group. However, the gastric weight and digestive organs in MSO6 group were similar to those in MS (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of calves among different groups (P 0.05). But the value of MSO2MSO6MSwas 8.1L / L 7.4L / L 5.8L / L respectively, which was higher than that of MS group. The width of rumen papilla and the thickness of rumen epithelium were significantly decreased in MSO2 and MSO6 groups. The thickness of rumen cuticle in MSO6 group was significantly lower than that in MS group (P 0.01). In MS group, plaque was found obviously, but not in the group of adding hay. In general, the addition of hay increased the DMIs of the calves, increased the ruminant behavior and reduced the non-nutritional feeding behavior. It ensures the healthy development of rumen of calves. However, in terms of the period of hay addition, the second week plus hay group was better than the 6th week group in terms of performance and rumen development.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5

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