富硒益生菌的筛选及饲喂对蛋硒含量的影响

发布时间：2018-02-04 20:03

  本文关键词： 富硒 益生菌 蛋鸡 复合菌制剂 冷冻干燥　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：硒是人体和动物体必须的微量元素之一,具有抗氧化,抗衰老,抑癌抗癌等功效。富硒益生菌具有有机硒和益生菌的双重功效,活性高,毒性低,安全范围广,生物利用率高,环境污染小,因此被广泛应用到富硒食品的研究生产中。我国大概有2/3的地区存在缺硒现象,因此在我国开发富硒食品很有必要。鸡蛋是人类日常消费中最为普遍的优质食品,富硒鸡蛋由于富含有机硒而成为一种安全而有效的补硒方法。本文从鸡肠道中分离获得3株酵母菌和15株乳酸菌,并对其中产酸能力较好的11株乳酸菌进行16S rDNA测序及系统进化分析,结果表明它们分别属于乳酸片球菌、植物乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、融合魏斯氏菌。对其中9株乳酸菌进行无机硒耐受试验表明,植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) YQRS菌株能在亚硒酸钠含量为100μg/ml的平板上生长,且在不同的硒浓度情况下,菌落颜色相对于其它菌株菌落颜色要浅。进一步对以上9个菌株进行富硒能力比较表明,乳酸菌植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) YQRS菌株富硒能力最强,通过摇瓶培养,其总硒含量达到2303.221μg/L。利用以上方法对3株酵母菌和两株酿酒酵母进行耐硒和富硒能力比较表明,酿酒酵母FJYJM3菌株富硒能力最强,通过摇瓶培养,总硒量达到5622.49g/L。对菌株YQRS和FJYJM3分别进行培养过程中最佳加硒浓度和最佳加硒时间研究表明,在亚硒酸钠浓度为15μg/m时,YQRS菌株菌体总硒含量达到最高为2461.37μg/L。而在亚硒酸钠浓度为20μg/ml时,FJYJM3菌株总硒含量达到最高为5155.491μg/L。YQRS菌株在接种后2h加入浓度为15μg/ml的亚硒酸钠,其总硒含量最高,可达2300.29μg/,FJYJM3菌株是在接种后4h加入浓度为20μg/ml的亚硒酸钠,总硒含量是最高的,总硒含量为5851.20 μg/L。将菌株YQRS和FJYJM3在含有亚硒酸钠的培养基中混合培养,分别将活的益生菌、灭活益生菌和亚硒酸钠按不同的硒含量添加到日粮中。结果表明蛋鸡的产蛋率、日采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比差异不显著(P≥0.05)。在日粮中添加0.4mg/kg(以硒计)活的益生菌使鸡蛋中硒含量显著提高了63.27%,平均蛋硒含量为0.320mg/kg。据报道,鸡蛋中的硒含量在02mg/kg以上就属于富硒鸡蛋,而且也符合食品卫生标准(GB 2762-2005)中的硒限量0.5mg/kg。最后本文探索利用冷冻干燥技术制备复合菌制剂,结果表明,以浓度为10%的脱脂乳和10%的蔗糖做复合保护剂时,菌体存活率最高。在常温保存三个月存活率仍为50%以上。利用麦麸吸附技术剂制备复合菌制剂时,表明在常温条件下保存存活率仍为50%以上。以上研究为生物菌剂的实际生产奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body and animal body. Selenium enriched probiotics have the dual functions of organic selenium and probiotics, high activity, low toxicity and wide safety range. Because of its high bioavailability and low environmental pollution, it has been widely used in the research and production of selenium-enriched foods. About 2/3 of the regions in China are deficient in selenium. Therefore, it is necessary to develop selenium-enriched food in China. Eggs are the most common high-quality food in human daily consumption. Selenium-enriched eggs have become a safe and effective method for selenium supplementation because of their rich in organic selenium. In this paper, three yeast strains and 15 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from chicken intestines. The 16s rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 11 lactic acid bacteria with good acid-producing ability showed that they belonged to Lactococcus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentose respectively. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus saliva, Enterococcus faecium, fusing Weiss's bacillus. Lactobacillus plantarum YQRS can grow on a plate containing 100 渭 g / ml sodium selenite. Under different selenium concentrations, the colony color was lighter than that of other strains. Further, the selenium enrichment ability of the above 9 strains was compared. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (YQRS) strain had the strongest selenium rich ability and was cultured in shaking flask. The total selenium content was 2303.221 渭 g / L. The selenium tolerance and selenium enrichment ability of three yeast strains and two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were compared with each other. Saccharomyces cerevisiae FJYJM3 strain had the strongest selenium-rich ability and was cultured in shaking flask. The total selenium content reached 5622.49 g / L. the optimum selenium concentration and the optimum selenium addition time of YQRS and FJYJM3 were studied respectively. When the concentration of sodium selenite was 15 渭 g / m, the total selenium content of YQRS strain was 2461.37 渭 g / L, while the concentration of sodium selenite was 20 渭 g / ml. The highest total selenium content of FJYJM3 strain was 5155.491 渭 g / L YQRS at 2h after inoculation with sodium selenite (15 渭 g / ml). 2300.29 渭 g / r FJYJM3 strain added 20 渭 g / ml sodium selenite at 4 h after inoculation, and the total selenium content was the highest. The total selenium content was 5851.20 渭 g / L. The strains YQRS and FJYJM3 were mixed in the medium containing sodium selenite and the viable probiotics were cultured respectively. Inactivated probiotics and sodium selenite were added to the diet with different selenium content. The results showed that laying rate, daily intake and average egg weight of laying hens. There was no significant difference in feed to egg ratio (P 鈮，

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