放牧方式对荒漠草原植物群落和地下净生产力的影响

发布时间：2018-02-21 12:21

本文关键词： 荒漠草原混合放牧植物群落特征地下净生产力　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2012～2013年在希拉穆仁荒漠草原牧草生长季节,通过设置不同放牧方式(牛单牧、羊单牧、牛羊混合放牧和不放牧)研究其对荒漠草原植物群落特征及地下净初级生产力的影响。结果表明：不同放牧方式对植物群落特征和地下根系均产生一定的影响。(1)牛单牧和混合放牧相较于羊单牧使地上现存量下降明显,2012年牛单牧、混合放牧和羊单牧的地上生物量分别为54.99g/m2、57.83g/m2和69.64g/m2；2013年为53.12g/m2、59.93g/m2和72.31g/m2。牛羊混合放牧与牛单牧之间差异不显著。(2)放牧会使植物群落高度降低,其中混合放牧和牛单牧降低更加明显。不同的放牧方式对植物盖度影响不显著,而使植物群落密度增加,其中牛羊混合放牧增加最多。羊单牧会提高植物群落中克氏针茅的重要值,降低豆科和杂类草的重要值。(3)在适度放牧条件下,牛羊混合放牧可以保持植物群落的多样性,羊单牧会降低物种的丰富度、群落的多样性和均匀度。(4)单独放牧会使地下净生产力下降,而牛羊混合放牧对其影响不显著。
[Abstract]:From 2012 to 2013, the herbage growing season in Xilamuren desert steppe was studied by setting up different grazing ways (single cattle grazing, single sheep grazing, single grazing of sheep and cattle), The effects of cattle and sheep mixed grazing and ungrazing on plant community characteristics and net underground primary productivity in desert steppe were studied. The results showed that different grazing methods had certain influence on plant community characteristics and underground root system. Compared with sheep and sheep, the standing stock of cattle and mixed grazing decreased significantly in 2012. The aboveground biomass of mixed grazing and sheep single grazing were 54.99 g / m ~ (2) and 69.64 g / m ~ (2), respectively; in 2013, 53.12 g / m ~ (2) and 72.31 g / m ~ (2) 路m ~ (2) respectively. The effects of different grazing methods on plant coverage were not significant, but the plant community density was increased. Among them, cattle and sheep mixed grazing increased the most, sheep single grazing increased the important value of Stipa Kirschsoni in plant community, and decreased the important value of legume and hybrid grass. 3) under moderate grazing condition, cattle and sheep mixed grazing could maintain the diversity of plant community. Single grazing of sheep decreased species richness, diversity and evenness of community. 4) single grazing decreased net underground productivity, but mixed grazing of cattle and sheep had no significant effect on it.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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